linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
1 I- B+ j2 N1 g, r      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
! A* K6 Q) j4 u: T3 v      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
      ...

1. df -k
   : ~, E* P7 U" {# \
2. df -lh
   
3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
   # e# m% R, v3 P, n; p1 S# ~1 S

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
3 }; d- P3 ?2 H# T, O+ b3 f% a    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用

1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
' i- f0 m- h/ |8 m3 Z& f7 m8 U    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
, j: b0 m' \5 A' F2 e    content won't be recoverable.
5 d% a% N5 m- S) d. w% g    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
4 E( ], P9 b9 y0 N    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
1 e% U! n! ]' _+ Y    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
; C7 ]9 e9 _. Y, l% m    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
/ E0 l5 b0 I7 R" a/ b    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
2 g0 ]/ }+ d$ v       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
* l/ V8 _# C' ?    Command (m for help): m
4 p" n+ J% q/ B6 [8 K. m    Command action
       a   toggle a bootable flag
       b   edit bsd disklabel
       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
( o8 P; [; B+ ^3 Y' y       d   delete a partition
       l   list known partition types
       m   print this menu
       n   add a new partition
! c0 q5 q$ K, d( |( @; i- B' O+ ~4 v       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
       p   print the partition table
, x# @& p( s6 I9 N       q   quit without saving changes
       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
       t   change a partition's system id
# y( l- a4 R; S4 J, ^" E       u   change display/entry units
4 s) T  N0 m/ x2 C5 t       v   verify the partition table
5 `! L. _4 V6 k* G9 c$ l       w   write table to disk and exit
       x   extra functionality (experts only)
' }5 D2 s+ Z1 C9 d    Command (m for help): n
    Command action
4 y0 E% U7 f( ~  t2 T       e   extended
       p   primary partition (1-4)
; w2 [2 z1 }+ @! t! D9 A    p
    Partition number (1-4): 1
4 F- {1 E4 ]3 @6 k. z    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
    Using default value 1
$ b2 P- a7 q. W    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
( Q1 i$ c: q  n: n4 S: C' P( V6 I    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
( j' Y! `/ K' N% m6 U/ \    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
: ]% Z1 t( ~$ S# k3 V4 a0 R8 z    Command (m for help): w
# f; h  w3 p4 d' w9 z4 H4 h, F    The partition table has been altered!
. {! R5 i' J3 y: b, V$ t    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
! F5 ]# ?5 r7 q# V    Syncing disks.
    //格式化新分区

1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
    Filesystem label=
    OS type: Linux
    Block size=1024 (log=0)
    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
, l3 {" H2 `# p7 C) \    First data block=1
1 t. e# o) H# I, X: }    62 block groups
/ Z- u2 o* A. K# r# S* n/ e' C- u    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
3 B' S2 C& P5 H6 n1 B* {    2040 inodes per group
    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
    Writing inode tables: done                           
- L7 Q) O5 W9 n+ n    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
( y& `2 _, U9 s    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
5 @6 M; [& ~3 p. x' W" G3 a    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
8 J  I) E7 M2 t6 E5 k0 ^    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
: }/ \7 S( @4 R    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
- `6 J+ n* @" \+ T9 I    //挂上新分区

1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
   
2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
$ E' ^  i3 v( A' X: H" h    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
. s6 ~9 x5 `- a7 M- L6 f! U    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home

自动挂载：

1.           vi /etc/fstab
   
2. 
   $ A( T, i! g9 I
3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
   
4. 
   + X0 T: l5 \2 k; v; E
5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：

1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
   
2. 
     I- }: t4 }7 W5 Q
3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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