linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
8 W' @7 q  x* K7 X/ Z) F      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
+ S+ e3 s$ I0 R1 o5 h3 l9 C7 }      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
      ...

1. df -k
   
2. df -lh
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3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
! C2 }) e  R" D4 a" @( O& T    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
( L6 J8 d& o! }# t8 R0 b    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用
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1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
  h/ O' w+ w$ {8 y+ z4 W8 z    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
: ^7 Q+ ?) U1 M* n! Q  W1 w    content won't be recoverable.
    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
; K# }/ b1 B( M9 w" e6 a1 u    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
) s. g0 _4 Q. C) ]3 p    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
* Z' C, J6 l' `+ L  z& |    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
! I4 r; N4 z1 c3 M7 ]% `    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
; E3 R9 G; g) _" S5 F+ y    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
+ `. r# f( _' p    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    Command (m for help): m
6 s3 f& S! }2 d% W9 v6 t/ S! s    Command action
       a   toggle a bootable flag
       b   edit bsd disklabel
       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
1 }6 J, w4 f" o/ N       d   delete a partition
       l   list known partition types
: `6 I0 m( u& X6 h       m   print this menu
       n   add a new partition
: D: J4 W/ }9 f       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
6 J( Z5 ?- u# O5 D. p9 K; X       p   print the partition table
9 q1 x* P: [3 x" L4 b1 |/ C       q   quit without saving changes
; @0 p/ R' Z. M       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
3 G6 U0 s" p, |, h1 ]+ V" i1 ~% \       t   change a partition's system id
       u   change display/entry units
. F$ S( z, M' \$ e0 \& R       v   verify the partition table
3 ^# h" v, a# e$ v& s       w   write table to disk and exit
( b& j( w: n9 g! m       x   extra functionality (experts only)
& m5 W) y/ ^5 k& d9 d: n% Z5 E    Command (m for help): n
    Command action
       e   extended
       p   primary partition (1-4)
/ h- O' F3 i: k; r    p
! E0 e( Q  }* F7 O! W, s8 c6 T    Partition number (1-4): 1
8 }8 M+ h7 W0 @, |+ o    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
2 T+ X) o: ?) E' X    Using default value 1
- ~6 `/ Y. O8 o4 c: u5 }: s! r) Z    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
$ V& {4 f6 w: u! O7 G8 ]8 [- i8 s    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
$ e4 S* d: b0 W  y/ S/ W    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
( Z" Q7 w/ u% S: N8 e& t0 t    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
' J; x  R, V+ M$ w0 a    Command (m for help): w
5 u9 j9 G! Z' o    The partition table has been altered!
    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
; C2 g) V3 P. E, {& e  |/ S, e    Syncing disks.
4 I9 ^6 B" N, z& e8 D! V8 O# e    //格式化新分区

1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
% g* j0 c6 Q, r, [' ?9 a    Filesystem label=
    OS type: Linux
    Block size=1024 (log=0)
    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
: \' V0 o" D, n% R* r5 E$ S6 {    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
    First data block=1
    62 block groups
    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
    2040 inodes per group
  t! U5 ^2 B6 P+ c8 _+ B6 w    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
& k# Q1 m; J' O+ S, c            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
% |( q; ^7 r# O8 z+ S+ G    Writing inode tables: done                           
    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
5 b- c* H" T( T    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
' F# @( A  h7 }4 R. b% C0 g! Z    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
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1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
# o; V2 d  y: p8 R    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
6 S) D2 e. U) n$ V  P    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
3 K! u% z6 b* O8 }. K    //挂上新分区
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1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
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2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
) l! q: {/ r9 E5 N) z    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
" _4 s' l/ v) g$ F" F    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home
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自动挂载：

1.           vi /etc/fstab
   
2. 
   # Q- Q6 Q/ o; _$ ~
3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
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4. 
   5 A; b+ e9 E# b
5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：

1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
   
2. 
   
3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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