linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
5 Y( s6 ]0 l4 n/ b      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
/ x4 Q0 j4 B$ {+ v5 v      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
& F7 B( @0 @5 S# c# Z6 j" V4 L% ]      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
      ...
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1. df -k
   
2. df -lh
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3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
7 u* L. |7 f. P' c" d/ V6 }. b    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用

1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
2 u/ |; }% v) N, G    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
4 q3 S- e, n, l# d    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
2 O4 k  d  ?; \) [" k6 }% F1 H, Q    content won't be recoverable.
- s% w2 t5 @% ], m4 t    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
  \- w3 f6 ]6 r    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
, M" c  ^7 G0 @$ Q    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
- s+ A( Q3 |0 v+ \  ?    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
& L- Q' k& W" C# ?. o) Z' h! X8 r, O    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
    Command (m for help): p
7 z4 f7 N6 {0 U) o    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
, N/ L$ e0 e4 \6 T1 @. ]' o1 T    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    Command (m for help): m
    Command action
) ?; ~5 F1 Q+ I% p8 l" m$ o. m       a   toggle a bootable flag
  F4 Z2 t. g1 @& ?& [# M       b   edit bsd disklabel
       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
       d   delete a partition
       l   list known partition types
       m   print this menu
2 U6 n: }' }8 {. e- c5 q       n   add a new partition
       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
       p   print the partition table
2 H8 S. @' s0 _$ z3 o' e       q   quit without saving changes
       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
; ~: p: a; J5 c       t   change a partition's system id
& {9 ^" ?0 e1 f& _+ D       u   change display/entry units
' H% b& ]- J$ U6 _4 s" N" I; z6 Q       v   verify the partition table
       w   write table to disk and exit
       x   extra functionality (experts only)
. W3 ^* Q& Q/ a    Command (m for help): n
! P3 Y% C: S1 W" d* y. t% G- v    Command action
5 @0 ^0 V1 `0 k% Q7 p3 t: W0 ~       e   extended
4 z4 E# ]$ g* e/ Z) S4 X8 s" L       p   primary partition (1-4)
    p
    Partition number (1-4): 1
    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
9 K- f! b) n' D    Using default value 1
3 ?+ f7 A) W4 U% [5 Z* R. {) K: \1 Y    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
    Command (m for help): p
7 c/ C. [: g( n4 U% E    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
) p& N3 L% k6 H+ h( W. ]7 v    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
& H; L) M* b' F& [; m) s       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
5 L0 y5 w# i: e+ p- r8 t$ ?- {1 N    Command (m for help): w
& }/ @' a4 X- _* g    The partition table has been altered!
    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
3 ]4 b5 Z5 t2 k2 U4 s4 M    Syncing disks.
# X3 J; r9 `' T8 @2 V, D6 d6 c* }0 R    //格式化新分区

1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
    Filesystem label=
    OS type: Linux
    Block size=1024 (log=0)
; a' P* f5 a# r4 z/ s3 m    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
. P+ s% u, {, {/ i- r7 ~    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
    First data block=1
4 p4 D: c/ {; \" n" V    62 block groups
    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
' |3 H; ?+ M& a4 W$ f4 D    2040 inodes per group
    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
& ]! d  e' d' b, ^  Q4 z9 V/ D3 G$ ]$ @    Writing inode tables: done                           
: Z6 Z7 |% ]2 I  T2 T3 h    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
) F  L6 j" ?' O, ?$ B- z    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
% I/ k* N2 F! z( s7 L/ F    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
' ?. |2 {. c2 z/ k    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
/ u' J8 I! a5 i- P/ ]7 P    //挂上新分区
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1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
   
2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
! U6 ]3 u, Q/ q2 ~' w) i/ i) J    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
' ?* t* ^1 p$ K* c6 Q    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
3 u7 e2 H) _, H$ w* Y) P    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home

( y. J7 \$ y! N6 F- D自动挂载：
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1.           vi /etc/fstab
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2. 
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3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
   
4. 
   
5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：

1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
   
2. 
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3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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