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[经验] linux下添加新硬盘方法

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发表于 2014-2-9 19:20:26 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  1. fdisk
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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
4 B( D! r. `7 \$ N; N      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)7 k4 q) x) w! K
      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
- T' V4 m$ X) C" Z6 x$ B. g      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices); t7 M+ ^/ S- J1 S+ q$ K; S/ `, c
      ...
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  1. df -k9 H; l" I+ m6 l# y1 w+ c. V
  2. df -lh
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  3. 查看有几块硬盘:fdisk -l" T, ~! N* M" i5 m- b7 y
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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
# c# Q( @* N  t8 t, t    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /5 T0 B3 L4 t" c0 b+ C2 L9 d; H
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot; I9 k( A$ J( i( N- l# J5 Z: a
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
; }7 H, I, j. M/ M& `9 N, {    对新硬盘分区,4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用2 [: x* O* {. r
  1. fdisk /dev/hda
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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel3 {, @) Y& ^- U1 a/ k4 C; c
    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,+ ~- u* s1 V; b) ~7 O8 j
    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
' g& g& ~! n3 z4 v    content won't be recoverable.
8 A' v" [$ K- E# S    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.4 w6 O% M4 D9 _! w4 p2 V
    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
+ `9 l  C& Y" h0 ?3 a    and could in certain setups cause problems with:2 |+ `; d' f! t( B1 X% |4 ~8 w/ i
    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO): S1 l3 d+ q* u2 S. X
    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
( B2 @8 f  n5 a4 V# f1 `( r       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)/ r& x& Y4 s  k
    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite); V+ M" I# z' Y: b
    Command (m for help): p
% J4 Z5 j4 b3 p0 M    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
( _) F4 j( m& ~! v1 [* r( \- Z    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders9 u3 a: n; M# u3 [  c; V' p
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes/ x$ h9 }' j- H2 k
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System9 }: u5 p7 I5 b& o+ i$ E( I
    Command (m for help): m
1 _8 u8 u; U  W# y$ h    Command action* g) C1 u% ]* e5 @7 u) i
       a   toggle a bootable flag3 b; |! ?. O% J
       b   edit bsd disklabel7 D4 F) G1 u+ D2 k6 G
       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
3 x5 b3 w6 u" `! Z- s0 e       d   delete a partition
% }; D5 b& |# B  r6 X       l   list known partition types
# K6 K: }  b7 H3 p5 D       m   print this menu. h2 h# _# _9 A6 g! w" {6 I
       n   add a new partition
% M5 G8 T7 u) @- |/ c       o   create a new empty DOS partition table2 a+ s5 K: O  i& |/ z  C* \
       p   print the partition table
) ]) n# H5 v' e( u       q   quit without saving changes1 H/ n$ N4 i/ k" e+ w% j, {
       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel: H9 w8 B4 }+ }+ o, B* R
       t   change a partition's system id
# V- s2 E9 G1 D- D' \       u   change display/entry units+ ^' |8 _) y  }
       v   verify the partition table6 m0 C. O; s. z9 i" X. _
       w   write table to disk and exit9 _' q3 d( p1 O/ \( _( _  o
       x   extra functionality (experts only)
& T' j6 ^0 d2 i6 `3 @  |  K    Command (m for help): n
0 J, ?% s9 [4 F) ]: t    Command action
% T% p2 V1 U9 c4 s! i  \1 n/ H       e   extended( z% ^$ C; j( y5 H
       p   primary partition (1-4)
8 i, G7 I/ d( V& ]8 c# z' \    p
* m8 o' V" t+ R5 k6 B    Partition number (1-4): 1; k6 f9 r: _6 S( n+ R4 x
    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1): , V, z; }* m7 m2 z7 N3 q
    Using default value 1
: I# E6 Z  W% ?# ~; j    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
6 Z/ m* L+ F  }! Z9 T7 E4 T    Command (m for help): p& Z% }  E( c  k
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
! C. s. {2 P2 M/ L2 m6 {  s" |    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
3 u# P$ t3 Q8 C    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
. ^% L5 Q* @4 u/ `- G$ g       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
( q: Y$ J5 Z. Q2 p' F    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux1 t; P# f$ v7 ]& S% _* z
    Command (m for help): w
% C. C; k' s% {% L    The partition table has been altered!
8 \2 z: Z+ t  i    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.3 R7 C/ |# e) X) v" M) X
    Syncing disks.9 O) h9 K" Q" Q
    //格式化新分区
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  1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1
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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)/ b+ Q* g: L3 X& A6 h4 l4 Z4 I
    Filesystem label=: o; e3 o% y4 ~+ o# C/ C* R2 P7 q3 U& R
    OS type: Linux
6 [* B2 [2 ?  d# |% M8 k    Block size=1024 (log=0)
* q0 u/ F. h6 }# ]    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
5 Q# |+ J$ u1 |# L* t/ O/ U    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
& u7 g+ L) o+ M, }8 B9 j( @. m# x    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user% d5 P: A! O9 b: t; q# t
    First data block=1
' H3 l' u, X5 t5 F2 Y    62 block groups$ u6 o2 N8 x/ m- F1 u' W
    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
! k7 B' J5 Q; W! e! N4 d5 p    2040 inodes per group  h* g" T6 [! z
    Superblock backups stored on blocks: 3 C( j1 q' @9 p5 B; `
            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409( d& l( c1 s+ \8 V4 g2 t
    Writing inode tables: done                            8 D7 c' F( d$ Q1 F+ C( V' J
    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done* I7 A6 |0 b+ p+ g0 _! `
    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
6 j; _+ j2 L- B) H, \) u# `7 l  R    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or5 _7 n: y6 W. f, M# e# p, k
    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.. |6 b" a5 f$ o" k8 \
  1. df -k
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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
/ p  C6 ?, J" O, W    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /! J) [  a; R! w) v
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot# d8 I% i; F/ m; S0 _
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm& q' r* T4 _/ V# K# m! F
    //挂上新分区
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  1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
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  2. df -k
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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
1 Y! K& R( w  \3 h: k& ~, B    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /$ [- K" e2 X7 t$ D
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot. ]2 y7 ?4 {9 j% {1 v
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm, u' r$ l3 {3 T$ W: J
    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home& T. C! D5 r  N

% i! u% J4 n& Z" r% Y# k5 A自动挂载:8 p) c# L* B& t
  1.           vi /etc/fstab
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  3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
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  4. ! u- a6 {6 X0 k# ~4 _, E7 b
  5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0
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手动挂载:
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  1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
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  2. 8 I9 {- K0 @1 a3 z
  3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2
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