linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
% Q' p# [2 ]! D      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
9 y$ q+ L5 q( ?# I% E      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
      ...
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1. df -k
   
2. df -lh
   
3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
   

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
& v6 C  d5 X8 v    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
9 I* S$ m& X- G    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
/ E+ ^, O: Z9 Q    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用

1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
0 Y; t7 J/ r5 e7 s8 T    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
- S! @# m, U$ l: L/ C3 |    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
    content won't be recoverable.
; L& G5 d6 |/ S0 ^$ U    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
  R9 v8 ?1 k+ @+ H1 ^/ ]    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
* K* k* x8 j* j1 X3 w: N    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
2 O' Z( `/ p; B2 x5 W    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
# l4 Y! @5 K, f* x& m9 Q  M    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
7 {! {8 W5 Z& n6 W* {8 `    Command (m for help): m
    Command action
/ N0 n- G3 n% M/ [5 y3 H( z       a   toggle a bootable flag
       b   edit bsd disklabel
% h  @5 j2 R  @1 c1 [       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
       d   delete a partition
       l   list known partition types
       m   print this menu
/ E7 D0 p9 r# M7 R7 a* Q       n   add a new partition
       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
3 r# K' N) @4 z) U* R8 r5 A: p2 _       p   print the partition table
       q   quit without saving changes
       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
       t   change a partition's system id
$ W, e" N/ ~2 n  h       u   change display/entry units
2 F1 p* h0 p3 D4 e# L) n* c! O       v   verify the partition table
       w   write table to disk and exit
       x   extra functionality (experts only)
    Command (m for help): n
) r  r( d2 f5 O4 Y+ J    Command action
       e   extended
       p   primary partition (1-4)
    p
    Partition number (1-4): 1
, H1 Y- h' [- U! H! n3 t, ~    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
    Using default value 1
    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
0 r  u4 c# f0 a. e. ^9 K* A: f0 d    Command (m for help): p
" S- h6 |5 X3 i2 h& q    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
( _' d0 B. q) ~1 _1 B) \    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
. o! P3 [. }1 @0 `( X    Command (m for help): w
( r+ q0 Q2 q3 H  E7 ~5 o0 N, K    The partition table has been altered!
    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
1 g: u. N' i5 w" |    Syncing disks.
# g) Q; g8 v; o    //格式化新分区
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1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
2 N9 N# k  n" d8 Q    Filesystem label=
    OS type: Linux
    Block size=1024 (log=0)
" \) ?/ i: h  Y' ^; J    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
& Z8 H7 @$ g6 @* y1 |    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
' a8 |; B2 e/ n  c    First data block=1
6 _3 n5 E! ^% P* S3 D    62 block groups
    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
    2040 inodes per group
+ |( O% y7 @9 |: O2 }5 D0 g    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
- i" Z# P! F% k' z    Writing inode tables: done                           
    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
" M) ^. c  O4 O- e; P    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
! Q4 h/ `* f0 x: z9 C    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
1 k* ~* a/ x$ _# f4 z    //挂上新分区
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1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
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2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
1 i, S, B. g2 u* D    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
: a/ H, F1 i  ~1 a9 j& Z! }    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home

3 \2 ], d7 m2 c# W自动挂载：
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1.           vi /etc/fstab
   
2. 
   
3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
   
4. 
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5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：
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1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
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2. 
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3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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# ?: j9 S/ P  Z2 I* U. Z: `& o

% U1 h, H& s+ z