linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
5 E, K% e- B1 h5 q3 _' j      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
; _$ }, i9 r% B5 p" V      ...

1. df -k
   
2. df -lh
   ( `, Q! o8 r6 _* Y
3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
   ( Y( b8 ?6 q+ @6 F! M

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
7 ~0 ^% Y4 E3 N    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用

1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
6 C- W- H: \$ K% X' D    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
. k6 J. x# x. U+ f    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
! V1 O& a) p) C6 c4 F& u$ z* M) }    content won't be recoverable.
    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
' R% N/ G, n8 H% g    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
. P7 Y8 z3 k& Q3 G    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
# ^  _9 ?5 e7 u7 B# E       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
: W6 O5 K" d" g2 e6 a$ T    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
8 j# k, |/ `0 b( Z  h       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    Command (m for help): m
$ A2 ]  W- G; c    Command action
4 j* G6 ?' D* z9 u0 b% T       a   toggle a bootable flag
: G" X3 t; E$ L/ ]; f# C0 p! u       b   edit bsd disklabel
       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
/ O/ u' p7 B5 _       d   delete a partition
7 \1 }- S9 I; k% E2 p. \6 \6 |       l   list known partition types
       m   print this menu
       n   add a new partition
2 V4 }) s- z  J, p       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
       p   print the partition table
& J+ o6 p( E4 C' `9 L3 c. `       q   quit without saving changes
       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
       t   change a partition's system id
& b2 e3 P- h3 r       u   change display/entry units
% X) Z4 S! S; W0 c       v   verify the partition table
4 [" t6 M) o( c' H) h       w   write table to disk and exit
3 d1 l/ l  Q" t       x   extra functionality (experts only)
    Command (m for help): n
+ ]3 L% ^9 C% n8 ^$ W2 B3 N& d7 D    Command action
       e   extended
0 e5 |2 U% T! y- `: z6 g- p3 f       p   primary partition (1-4)
    p
    Partition number (1-4): 1
, f; a3 W. R/ p  b; Z    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
    Using default value 1
! v- w* r2 L- @: ~) O3 X+ W( o# w    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
5 o& D- o  G4 R    Command (m for help): p
0 r- p2 m6 {+ A0 R    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
8 `) N  A4 {9 ^5 e8 v0 R4 k    Command (m for help): w
    The partition table has been altered!
& M, T6 s8 N. w; L    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
, t7 X* r& ~' f% \    Syncing disks.
    //格式化新分区
# s% X9 H2 {- b# V

1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
5 n) k. f0 v: P$ X8 S1 [    Filesystem label=
    OS type: Linux
: G; y& O) e6 D6 ~& U" [& @2 T    Block size=1024 (log=0)
    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
* q( c% ?* p, ]( x7 J    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
    First data block=1
' z* }. M: A6 E( v, v: L* t    62 block groups
  W3 `& A7 C& g    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
    2040 inodes per group
) z: Z3 @7 a$ t* R+ }1 x' {/ f- G    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
    Writing inode tables: done                           
    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
$ l" ]% f) f+ l3 S/ ^( c( K- j. H, Q    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
: v2 f, \% I3 I3 P" x* C$ Z, U    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
1 W( r# ~3 V; ?* v- C  M    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
, T$ H2 s# y1 f" a4 q- G    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    //挂上新分区
4 @/ B. N4 {* J+ H) N& l

1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
   
2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
% E- P# S; g; [& |4 N    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
3 Y! e$ K% t) L: N+ X3 y4 f    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home

2 U, @' r- `0 D自动挂载：

1.           vi /etc/fstab
   9 p, K8 `& u; P  {! P' o
2. 
   
3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
   7 G. C6 Q% q4 o+ \" B
4. 
   
5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：

1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
   
2. 
   
3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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