linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
9 h7 @% H$ O( O" M. V1 d( ]2 z      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
& e0 f2 h% t- X0 i) |9 |      ...

1. df -k
   
2. df -lh
   
3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
   

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用

1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
/ a( Y" s. I# f; a1 ]    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
    content won't be recoverable.
/ Z& A' M# b' ~! |9 L" j0 s$ t    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
; `. u8 G- s& e$ T: v  A; j2 r    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
: {  v: X" F5 z! l% R$ g" t! B* y    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
- L" V4 G( I1 A       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
0 I# ]  l3 J- g" E2 O    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
    Command (m for help): p
! y+ [2 r. I- K8 g* m! @' n    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
* u: u* f& P" g4 J- `    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
/ ^. ?# Q9 M7 R  t6 y       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    Command (m for help): m
  O- d/ C6 r6 E3 x$ c/ x* a    Command action
% B8 [% Q% z' B1 E1 d: t4 E       a   toggle a bootable flag
       b   edit bsd disklabel
       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
       d   delete a partition
$ T4 E$ S" ?1 V" n2 a, j% h; O& c1 I       l   list known partition types
       m   print this menu
       n   add a new partition
       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
) _; f3 w9 I' P" h: p7 `' W       p   print the partition table
) P& n. I+ q% z# E% o: L       q   quit without saving changes
       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
       t   change a partition's system id
       u   change display/entry units
# H3 }/ }4 V8 ]  @& i       v   verify the partition table
/ y8 v6 z* i- j3 D       w   write table to disk and exit
       x   extra functionality (experts only)
    Command (m for help): n
! v0 W  r9 t6 w% P9 \    Command action
       e   extended
2 x4 o) _" X. O2 M       p   primary partition (1-4)
' Q+ _- [; J8 v4 r, d- I    p
    Partition number (1-4): 1
" V: C9 Y# H2 ]/ H& t: m* z  z    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
, A. J+ M. |2 l8 I$ ]    Using default value 1
    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
5 ]2 M+ P: X" j8 o# i    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
: Y1 @7 e  B* A4 q2 e/ z2 r    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
* E8 P( C# P2 s6 O6 e    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
    Command (m for help): w
    The partition table has been altered!
7 k: d  A6 M  V+ V* y6 j2 z- W' P    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
    Syncing disks.
; U2 X/ m- X  \4 U0 @9 W    //格式化新分区
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1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
$ M! y; y0 {5 \5 _. K" z1 U    Filesystem label=
# H' Z8 G4 N+ q    OS type: Linux
    Block size=1024 (log=0)
    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
$ Z7 A- Y* _7 \# s9 ~9 f! L    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
. l8 w$ D2 y% R# g3 r8 g    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
4 [7 w9 a7 W/ k/ q    First data block=1
# w% y3 D( N- L3 `. V- F    62 block groups
) s0 E; _0 q  ]    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
    2040 inodes per group
( J2 f) V8 V; K2 P    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
" j, x! d% ?  Z! M. p& b9 @    Writing inode tables: done                           
    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
1 q! @" a0 \8 o8 ?% y% i0 k    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
1 R+ Q: I+ i3 n6 ~( j    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
" l# u5 O/ f6 S8 f. ~* f4 |0 q    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
" S' Y" W! d7 D4 c: t6 Z    //挂上新分区

1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
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2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
, S7 U( j0 N  \6 ^7 t    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home

* k  L: b7 J) |# B& Z) T自动挂载：
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1.           vi /etc/fstab
   
2. 
   
3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
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4. 
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5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：
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1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
   ! {5 ]% c8 @0 e; n3 p7 ~8 m
2. 
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3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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% e; u2 ~/ Q$ n! O, b* V
# R3 B0 E- \: C: a2 t. Y* H
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