linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
9 O+ b0 c" \! I3 b      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
3 u- U; q7 |  O- p      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
" R: \7 V2 V; S& v/ l9 X      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
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1. df -k
   
2. df -lh
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3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
+ i* x% t- @1 M* C2 X- Q    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
0 @2 d3 x) X1 }' }! H    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用
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1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
" V, T6 C$ p6 [4 l    content won't be recoverable.
* U, K2 K7 [: g! O; q3 O1 I    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
% a3 ], k9 h/ c& B    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
! {4 h0 L/ B, \/ q$ ?    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
" H" e( V: n' G' Y" M" O6 c    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
# F2 {  X$ ^+ o6 B, j6 f+ [    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
" Z2 e1 P" g1 y- z  h       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
, }; ?+ V( M9 W+ h    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
# b( c0 {' O& o1 l7 Q( O% \% a. e       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    Command (m for help): m
    Command action
' J# R8 m8 K8 V8 r; ^1 {% d+ K9 x) I6 |       a   toggle a bootable flag
       b   edit bsd disklabel
       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
. J. V/ V- W* F7 R0 U       d   delete a partition
' ~& ]0 \8 ]6 v" I+ e5 {* P  H4 ^       l   list known partition types
       m   print this menu
       n   add a new partition
       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
9 e/ H* G) N; }- b) t. b% g6 T       p   print the partition table
1 ?* v! p( |1 h; O0 _       q   quit without saving changes
/ v1 X% y8 E8 F4 u/ M/ G       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
1 G' i1 {2 A3 ^% J% w; {8 ?       t   change a partition's system id
" k4 M" d3 M, n. |       u   change display/entry units
       v   verify the partition table
       w   write table to disk and exit
       x   extra functionality (experts only)
. n9 K) y0 h* d( u$ @    Command (m for help): n
    Command action
! V: k# \! f; v8 ?) c7 z7 I. L       e   extended
/ j! [- F. ^( g# s       p   primary partition (1-4)
- t3 J, q5 o9 h( R, C0 g    p
    Partition number (1-4): 1
    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
0 d+ s8 \% }( U% k+ \1 k    Using default value 1
; X+ A) h9 m4 k- }5 p4 N2 a& R, ]    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
8 C) ]! p( A3 S- |( B& I    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
2 X& ?- V* Q! O; N, h    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
2 D2 H: h7 A" B" n1 n+ k" A    Command (m for help): w
    The partition table has been altered!
    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
2 {% Q" `! {  c8 g    Syncing disks.
$ k. `# Z& {1 |    //格式化新分区
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1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
  f4 |! J1 A8 ]) M: j    Filesystem label=
    OS type: Linux
7 X4 t  w# ^5 V% T2 ?, i) q# |8 e    Block size=1024 (log=0)
0 T6 P+ N* _1 U9 @    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
. L/ v. A( l! t$ q    First data block=1
    62 block groups
$ r( Y/ z1 I. `8 O* K& E8 ?6 `    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
    2040 inodes per group
    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
/ l% w9 i( L8 x5 \" n0 w    Writing inode tables: done                           
# O5 r& x! p2 T& L) B) F* {# l    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
; F9 s% t5 ^! l% V    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
/ o( t* ]6 ]% b9 H& z; q    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
' u$ {9 E  R  P' V) l, [    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
: Q5 b5 Q) S. z# T* Q% ]% o    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    //挂上新分区
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1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
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2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
. z8 T" q; C5 T    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home

自动挂载：
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1.           vi /etc/fstab
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2. 
   
3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
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4. 
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5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：
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1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
   
2. 
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3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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