linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
      ...
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1. df -k
   
2. df -lh
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3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
   $ m7 d1 b9 |0 o

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
( }" D) ~0 u! N+ A1 v; W' H, o4 S    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
' X' ^( D0 A  w: h0 S    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用

1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
. _6 X8 o2 |. O6 {$ _( p    content won't be recoverable.
    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
' [2 T- q! Z% k+ d( z5 a    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
1 o0 e5 z2 [  J% l    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
& L  n# A* V+ P    Command (m for help): p
8 J: _# T. ?" e$ T) ]    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
! B. }5 L; M' z5 \4 @, w! p    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    Command (m for help): m
) W* V2 f4 i; _% g9 @" S    Command action
       a   toggle a bootable flag
       b   edit bsd disklabel
       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
       d   delete a partition
       l   list known partition types
       m   print this menu
: a" [/ q  F% Y3 l# g       n   add a new partition
       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
       p   print the partition table
- [5 K  B6 ]) Y7 l) n( g0 e. @       q   quit without saving changes
% ]6 }. R" i' a* m       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
, Z. x8 Z4 s, n/ |& Q# V       t   change a partition's system id
" a7 b! T3 ?2 s+ G( ]9 F       u   change display/entry units
       v   verify the partition table
) \( I6 P3 D* G  j: m, x       w   write table to disk and exit
       x   extra functionality (experts only)
3 g/ G6 \- M0 o! b    Command (m for help): n
    Command action
       e   extended
* [. E0 S3 b0 c* Q2 p       p   primary partition (1-4)
    p
    Partition number (1-4): 1
    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
0 r3 w% m  _6 T( K" O5 t    Using default value 1
    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
4 a' P- k. t$ }7 y# I# O. B    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
    Command (m for help): w
3 T% z1 ^) M/ U    The partition table has been altered!
  m& e; k6 d7 x7 C4 a    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
1 W; S- O9 ~; C2 [7 D    Syncing disks.
. k, l3 r0 u2 w3 L, b+ G    //格式化新分区
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1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
' E1 B8 k0 H3 T+ K, J    Filesystem label=
    OS type: Linux
    Block size=1024 (log=0)
, A% h+ [. ]( J& a# c    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
" ]1 v0 x$ w. Z" m0 j3 N3 H: [    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
. q) ]/ L' o- G6 D2 h& ~    First data block=1
    62 block groups
; \. @9 a& h2 `( N$ @4 ]    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
: T5 f. n0 S3 e  A* d3 J# Z- d( R    2040 inodes per group
/ u# }& s/ i" t' y! i) R- s    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
* N1 w( b/ s. ]5 s7 [            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
: }3 A4 U, x3 j( ?    Writing inode tables: done                           
    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
0 ^& D, l. A1 o/ o2 Z7 c    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
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1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
* q, ~: B) j: `$ c    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    //挂上新分区
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1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
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2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
0 i7 x5 j: ^5 c5 P' {    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
6 [7 A5 B' \! u3 n$ u. e" K    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home
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自动挂载：
# N# V0 N& J- A- }6 _5 D8 X

1.           vi /etc/fstab
   
2. 
   
3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
   . ?6 }" N/ D+ L  i
4. 
   , M: a& ^* D. \
5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：
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1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
   
2. 
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3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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