linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
5 A" B' C4 T/ x7 y8 c1 j2 s      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
# _) Y: {4 E! p% j( Q9 [' ]      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
      ...
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1. df -k
   
2. df -lh
   $ U, }: T0 Q# B9 \
3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
   

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
6 {* T/ r, k& d) d4 V/ j: N4 d4 a    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
. W  _; n; V' S' m9 V# |    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用

1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
" I" _* X( ~/ j    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
1 }  i+ H/ B( \$ ], y    content won't be recoverable.
    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
) v, k. k2 a( M8 a    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
6 D% w9 P7 N3 u) c0 |    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
7 x  [  r2 p: _$ z; z    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
7 n- P3 a( K+ i, _0 h    Command (m for help): p
  a7 V/ N5 e$ i# P" E( [    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
5 P, _3 e8 u8 n( h       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    Command (m for help): m
    Command action
       a   toggle a bootable flag
       b   edit bsd disklabel
       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
$ W8 |3 w1 s. }7 R& x       d   delete a partition
       l   list known partition types
       m   print this menu
$ F5 R0 A% I7 A! c& M* U& K       n   add a new partition
# |* f/ h' B! l8 s6 |       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
       p   print the partition table
' y) u8 e9 A( O' r# k5 F9 R       q   quit without saving changes
       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
       t   change a partition's system id
       u   change display/entry units
0 _6 D8 d% V4 `; B$ h       v   verify the partition table
$ w/ V+ f/ s8 y9 z1 k9 j       w   write table to disk and exit
       x   extra functionality (experts only)
    Command (m for help): n
    Command action
9 e8 x& D" b( Z       e   extended
       p   primary partition (1-4)
$ t9 ^, {% G) s! }( l/ {    p
0 T* D0 L" C+ \& W  |, ^    Partition number (1-4): 1
; ?$ s0 q/ o- ?0 B& o( i: Y8 U( \    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
& I7 q2 ~- X& s, N8 V3 q- ^- J    Using default value 1
    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
9 \: V; J& L/ ?- X- s) p3 N    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
& n% q1 E3 s6 m9 t6 k1 G2 L9 o" O    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
$ C: h/ r( {9 P' r% h    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
    Command (m for help): w
6 C! v* a+ [4 E) D7 I% v    The partition table has been altered!
) Y( R7 y0 e( ?, }    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
    Syncing disks.
  A7 c  O0 @% A6 M5 F    //格式化新分区
7 J0 e- d4 C' w( _) }

1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
0 ?5 q& W8 p7 G    Filesystem label=
    OS type: Linux
$ F- R! C* z2 |* x% ]    Block size=1024 (log=0)
$ t4 N4 w; S" l  h3 N    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
' `0 K4 T, v- Y! n  L. |: M    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
    First data block=1
    62 block groups
    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
    2040 inodes per group
/ k, B/ z9 K" m' _6 X  @    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
5 u6 }4 X" k' @" P8 I6 E, `0 R: l& d    Writing inode tables: done                           
* t  B2 A5 v9 r1 ~    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
6 D4 j0 j  |7 d: q. N9 v    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
& y$ o1 c8 f0 t" Y; U5 ]5 N+ J    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
' O, V# u# \4 P! Y, q. W" I    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
6 s3 t% ?/ K; {2 D; e8 b; H    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
. l1 F  p  {5 o6 ?3 m! V+ z' F    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    //挂上新分区
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1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
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2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
+ {4 y" l* [; C, D  q1 ~* n- t    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
  T0 X* P, Z$ ^0 N    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
' |! L8 H3 {* c& s/ E7 R    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
2 d2 z6 e8 I" G- H8 Q    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home
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2 ]- D0 K% a9 n3 r9 q  x自动挂载：

1.           vi /etc/fstab
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2. 
   2 o2 k7 c, }$ t" J! W: f
3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
   
4. 
   / I/ }# ?3 I8 k
5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：

1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
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2. 
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3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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