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[经验] linux下添加新硬盘方法

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发表于 2014-2-9 19:20:26 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  1. fdisk
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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
% w( z6 ~  t- A7 D      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)" i' y- g7 A9 I4 _' K3 E
      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)% b1 R2 W3 T% j& a$ R1 S3 i
      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)* l0 [( Y$ e1 r: J
      ...# N2 g' p6 F& k, p$ D% |6 O
  1. df -k/ h) y4 B* r, k, |% h2 _
  2. df -lh
    / p1 R  w$ x" u' n3 `) h
  3. 查看有几块硬盘:fdisk -l' ~+ T) H) z: b5 r' t# f" z
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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
9 Q0 {2 {9 J1 r/ d8 |" @    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /& s5 Y& [& B0 m
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot5 O! k& G# `- C! w: @
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
6 W6 ^5 i( v3 _+ o: n' d    对新硬盘分区,4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用
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  1. fdisk /dev/hda
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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel$ F# }; u) U( N. ?" \2 z
    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
1 _" R, s1 j, l5 r& H- B    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
' E3 i4 @" M4 P6 V1 r/ o8 F" b    content won't be recoverable.
& x. Y1 R$ F1 g; Q7 b! M    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.# L5 ~6 r. X$ d) e% y: z4 V
    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,% N  B) \6 ?8 |, n$ U5 x
    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
4 h  g9 N/ ~% W8 {3 n    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)- x+ \  a+ J/ \% A* I
    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
( s; k  e, u5 V6 z       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
/ H$ W8 ^0 y2 s    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
$ w0 @- |# `8 V- W5 E" P- }8 h' ]$ B! x    Command (m for help): p5 b1 i9 z. E( D7 S& c7 e2 K
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes& ]# c/ q7 p/ K: i
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
- \3 I) P: T/ n" t4 L    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
; N" R. Y8 H7 f1 R4 n       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
! [0 m+ a* t) @* U) \! s# p    Command (m for help): m) v* i  y$ F8 k* F# P- z
    Command action' Z, L+ T, {. z" r7 {( |( @
       a   toggle a bootable flag; W$ O! s. L! T( R4 `- n/ Q$ D) P- s
       b   edit bsd disklabel# Y' ~4 p% K3 v4 A* {5 G
       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
" a) t: E( f, H$ ]       d   delete a partition3 v6 \6 s7 B5 r/ F8 u; p
       l   list known partition types' C7 N* t: D: C& l
       m   print this menu' t: Q0 F4 d7 H9 x- T3 S
       n   add a new partition' F' u; d7 X- @5 X9 x6 x/ |) u5 |& j
       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
. d. Z( s7 a  J! }0 c" w7 Q       p   print the partition table
1 u% `& G4 A% i* {" ]5 S1 ^! d       q   quit without saving changes
0 D; Q/ u. Y0 @5 x  l9 W$ g       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel2 @- n& M7 N( _# g$ v$ y
       t   change a partition's system id
: Q$ F% X1 b9 _8 d       u   change display/entry units7 |  F$ s- i. X/ u/ J2 E  B! Y
       v   verify the partition table* K7 g4 G, l2 o
       w   write table to disk and exit
4 j5 j8 {- J6 H4 s. m; ?- A6 i       x   extra functionality (experts only)& D0 L5 B# d9 C- v% Q* J( ?
    Command (m for help): n2 |9 }$ v9 ^" j0 n6 h* i
    Command action+ Z: c, F  J5 L$ q, W/ X$ y
       e   extended& e* T, n) ], q# p
       p   primary partition (1-4)
+ e5 h6 @( C+ y1 ?6 [    p
% v' c- Y) U. J' W! Y3 _    Partition number (1-4): 1" K- A1 r% O/ q- t# U
    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1): : E7 `# G5 S% U/ z
    Using default value 1
+ g/ P3 N# D. w0 |    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
4 j7 G7 ^! b; p    Command (m for help): p
2 {0 H0 o2 u* c' x$ g2 Y0 E& ]    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
  L+ L! L  X7 N. F" T    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders! m5 [8 g9 L* d+ q7 {9 L9 X
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes3 A; n4 _/ {5 B
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System' E, q. A6 H& D, `8 }( \
    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
4 z" U- M! k9 e! b% D. y# S3 j    Command (m for help): w
8 M$ D0 T2 y  v3 W    The partition table has been altered!
2 F  R; O# G$ K1 O5 R! Y: z! ~0 F    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
7 N& {  a5 X( Q0 n    Syncing disks.
2 J2 n0 B" k2 w: D    //格式化新分区. v  i, M2 x  ^; O5 t* N5 s; q
  1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1
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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)0 R) x, h* j$ X9 w
    Filesystem label=
9 M: G' X! c8 ?" t0 f# Z4 n    OS type: Linux8 J- x6 Z# H2 }. Z/ F
    Block size=1024 (log=0)
4 M" n* D% x! l8 I0 A    Fragment size=1024 (log=0): U, }; `5 E: I
    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks# M& Z% f. Z' D# c- N, p
    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user3 c# [) o1 |0 P2 U
    First data block=10 W# J( {" o. A( A# m, x
    62 block groups
  S5 J3 V1 ^& \2 D, _    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
6 Z0 W9 S$ W5 o    2040 inodes per group/ F& T: @) b; H" T0 n9 u" E3 K
    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
9 q& [$ Z9 `' V7 S            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 4014092 f2 n6 ]/ h7 T/ _0 A# A
    Writing inode tables: done                           
; W+ A. X; M9 c3 i9 i  `; w5 H6 \    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
8 Z$ @: x1 E9 l9 f    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done+ K( a4 D) Y8 M, Z: c
    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
+ S7 Q- f, \, o) A    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
$ P" L" p. Q, M5 d* e- h
  1. df -k
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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
) `! T2 F0 D) }7 c/ ^  y+ W7 ^2 x    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
5 T! A  [' q2 ~    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot) t+ B+ {/ F' b
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm9 c: h& T0 {9 I& F
    //挂上新分区
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  1. mount /dev/hda1 /home* V. z( ]8 x) V5 Z. x9 A
  2. df -k
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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点! L& t- c; M5 Q, T, t% O
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
  }" q( l, N( R: L+ N  I    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
% o8 q9 |; m( m. X+ K$ A; S    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
) _" v+ f" B4 I. @    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home: h7 `2 D* x0 E) i

3 M, W4 P% B8 S3 L! R自动挂载:" _& Z* Q; x7 S( i& l7 U8 X
  1.           vi /etc/fstab
    , }& `- j0 p' n8 E2 T' H- I5 E

  2. + P* _4 ~, }4 b$ j/ Q4 u
  3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0  [* k5 H" }+ D

  4. % f8 i- u  T, {9 J' B
  5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0
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手动挂载:
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  1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1! x" J& f$ [4 e: y  n: J. w+ I) e
  2. ! P$ a5 P; a: z. S7 L. k1 ?8 l
  3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2
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