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[经验] linux下添加新硬盘方法

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发表于 2014-2-9 19:20:26 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  1. fdisk
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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)) j2 E; i6 {7 A5 B! [
      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
+ z- q* V1 P& P/ x7 y0 g      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)' N6 M' k- c9 K2 E5 P
      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices); i( o4 V( Z8 n6 l; W7 i" V
      ...
9 P& K8 x( w) W5 A" \$ }& ~
  1. df -k
    3 Y- f2 S) L0 n$ s- S# d( Q
  2. df -lh
    % i/ S2 ?" s6 A
  3. 查看有几块硬盘:fdisk -l' @# c; C; V) |) n, Q+ N
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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点; l/ p( ~0 h# T* t$ G# i2 K. X
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /" D: |$ N. x7 _7 O3 w
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot+ Y3 m9 G4 B; i  a
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm8 N. j3 Y- n* S& X" d* L
    对新硬盘分区,4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用) ]+ G. p2 _6 T+ W4 T1 ?0 ]( i0 Y
  1. fdisk /dev/hda
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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel$ ]4 d' Q. i; E* a3 v+ e
    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,- t2 B7 o& K6 J7 ~
    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
8 k; q3 o' O& K$ i! l    content won't be recoverable.6 f9 L; x" _7 f0 |$ F3 X- @  J
    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.) B9 t( c4 k) r( p
    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
% Q  K5 n9 C* X5 u    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
2 k! t" d# o- |- @; {    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)' ?3 h- F2 F4 W9 R+ T+ k+ Z
    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
2 h- d0 W/ m" |" U  s$ r       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK), v: q7 X$ l7 `- g/ R7 y
    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
' D! H/ ^9 m0 o7 ?    Command (m for help): p; C: @" i+ z4 P. f" n) W. D' a
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
) ]( q  O- d3 l    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders5 ^# Q! P8 I2 o; y6 z
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
7 ]' m! {/ `9 E/ a* `& r       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
6 M: ~5 n. O" x+ W0 w    Command (m for help): m
* y* W; H0 Q5 \! o4 F    Command action
  [+ O" \0 }; S+ P0 g2 r       a   toggle a bootable flag
$ {* q  L$ V9 j/ `! N8 n       b   edit bsd disklabel
1 Y" b# E, w6 K" m% a       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
4 C6 I, l- Y6 y2 W4 V5 y       d   delete a partition5 ~2 s8 K3 ^. e3 F8 h
       l   list known partition types
: i6 K9 t& L# B: i2 {! P       m   print this menu5 Z7 g, G; a4 G) f" Q, P" y
       n   add a new partition
8 x5 N/ u0 c' o; P) g+ p0 S       o   create a new empty DOS partition table( N/ e" F* E" Q5 F% h
       p   print the partition table
+ N2 O% M3 g3 |1 M       q   quit without saving changes
! ]% E7 M8 B) [4 u* J" t, b8 c       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel' c" y  p+ k' b
       t   change a partition's system id% z4 @  O- {1 K5 G) d
       u   change display/entry units
3 U& O* u6 H% n: @! B- \       v   verify the partition table
$ y2 U: r. y0 a# E8 m6 Q+ \       w   write table to disk and exit3 ?* H& z/ }5 L' |  ~# {
       x   extra functionality (experts only). e+ [" a, |6 T! i
    Command (m for help): n+ |% t& t, w! T8 |& [$ H  K
    Command action+ m4 L1 n9 _4 \. {4 \8 i
       e   extended
& K& B- v! M: u* R: |, ]- J       p   primary partition (1-4)
: p7 z( d. ]  `! K+ [2 C    p  C- ~7 b- y9 q$ K& C& r3 f
    Partition number (1-4): 12 F: F6 _- p$ L: [# ?( B
    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1): / m7 y! v8 `9 y2 ~7 k' g3 i
    Using default value 1
5 ]. }2 z. |3 Y! f    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
- ^, r( U7 I1 y5 v    Command (m for help): p* b+ z* u% t. E5 H& {2 a. m& ^
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes& g) L( r% d$ E7 h: @  c1 g
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
8 b" m; C, M( ]: `  F) K7 r1 w  X    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes$ N, k4 I) D- c' K4 Z
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System4 p. C- L4 }) D
    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux  o! A. g" A$ Y% s. q" D0 ?( ?$ k
    Command (m for help): w
$ {9 @0 C0 s8 J; [7 J" D    The partition table has been altered!
% t( x7 \" W# ?( q    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
  \9 M$ W  b: v6 N0 C7 t- y    Syncing disks.6 b* {0 H( S/ [2 X
    //格式化新分区
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  1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1
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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
3 ~- I$ x5 I# e/ z8 `4 z* I    Filesystem label=* i9 Y1 E9 Q) ]: Y3 M
    OS type: Linux1 X  Z+ O9 Y% X; Q( z2 |6 L! n
    Block size=1024 (log=0)5 x4 i2 r9 @* `: o6 e" O" r: \8 g* h
    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
9 g) Q$ m# y# O6 g6 D9 M3 P1 t    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
) c2 b) L$ n5 T    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user9 |7 X' ^5 L9 U9 S# ^# q2 Z, f" f
    First data block=13 [# D2 u8 z; o( G; y
    62 block groups
; s5 {$ M# j  e% `    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group. P& l- c: N. ]6 x8 \$ @
    2040 inodes per group
) }: q9 O# _2 }    Superblock backups stored on blocks: * f) a, n7 l& s/ R. R) _
            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409* x( O  G- [1 n- t/ j& ~* C
    Writing inode tables: done                           
* s% X9 i1 C5 G( C+ A    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done+ U, l2 d+ ~. @' t+ C) U: M- D
    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
, Z/ W& f$ |6 l. g# e  I    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
& r1 _* n" C" I7 f4 V    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
& a6 ~& d9 @% @& m
  1. df -k
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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点* h1 D: X( u0 T
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
9 S1 E) f2 x! }    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
0 [9 G) }8 r$ H3 l% q& d0 O% o: z    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
+ W# z; g* H* n1 B    //挂上新分区
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  1. mount /dev/hda1 /home( O, f0 J. _9 |+ |/ }
  2. df -k
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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点  _. i( c# Q$ N
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
) [6 A" `$ S; g( j' t, f    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot* D- c: u8 d1 F- G" f4 A7 g
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
/ u: x3 ?6 {) v; i' S  }6 b3 @    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home8 L1 U" L) p, O- C3 H

1 a# l  P7 r7 M' _7 H3 M; ?& Y7 R自动挂载:
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  1.           vi /etc/fstab
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  2. : |7 w- ?8 q1 t# d( K0 J9 h( ^
  3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
    * b5 _9 h; ?4 T! [: f

  4. 7 j2 h; d: ^0 l
  5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0
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手动挂载:6 z. l, u; X2 L, j
  1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  V( s  ~( M, A# Y
  2. 1 S( q& z: ]. K4 \! W
  3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2
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