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[经验] linux下添加新硬盘方法

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发表于 2014-2-9 19:20:26 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  1. fdisk
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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
; ^  e' Z5 @6 K: T2 r      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
+ X. Z1 ?; z) g& I; C      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)* T' u% r% U9 G* M) ]. M/ U& q; K1 j
      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
  {5 K* H* @2 f- r      ...$ x: n7 V+ z, s' C4 a" s! S8 D
  1. df -k
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  2. df -lh* M1 e8 z3 h# m4 w- r: x" Z
  3. 查看有几块硬盘:fdisk -l8 Q1 w  ]" O5 M, [8 \- w7 E/ v
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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
- j8 m0 f& s+ n/ `    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
4 Q4 r* l& P% ~! ^2 O) a    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot- [9 j9 V/ o9 }8 E5 E( h# j
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
0 ]. s& S: t* x% b    对新硬盘分区,4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用
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  1. fdisk /dev/hda
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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel1 ?  i. L$ h# A8 M' r2 J; T
    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,+ o* f6 ]" r$ T8 {; g! r# d; p
    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous- A4 D6 h6 S; ~, X% n
    content won't be recoverable.2 \. d- _1 g$ ~& T! i; z6 f
    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
* z8 b7 @( Q+ q/ T    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
0 l2 D, R9 u% H5 a+ I- r    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
/ {" X7 c+ D  z" {* d* {    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)- t& {" i* o+ s  |
    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs7 k5 C2 F, |( U2 V
       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
/ z" x0 C& E" |, o    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)4 O) i% V+ I  k4 V
    Command (m for help): p
! d2 G2 `3 [" q+ B6 r& j: J    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
; q" O, j0 y; [    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders% b2 |# Z1 b# I& E
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
# z2 |4 \% w2 y3 B       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System# b0 j0 b8 P. {6 H  ?5 Y
    Command (m for help): m8 Z, G* U; d# |" `# i
    Command action
8 ?0 L4 \3 p$ ?6 g+ K       a   toggle a bootable flag
$ x8 R  g* ^/ k1 t: x9 `1 q       b   edit bsd disklabel' V7 A3 y9 \9 j0 _4 m7 k
       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag0 G: M. P/ t1 t
       d   delete a partition# i; K/ Z4 p. U1 S3 W
       l   list known partition types
& Q. }  R: R+ w" t       m   print this menu- K/ G$ [; N8 e8 f2 x  q8 ^: `
       n   add a new partition
# U0 X, Q( J' Q; k# C       o   create a new empty DOS partition table7 B/ j5 d8 L; Z4 [7 T! I  O/ M
       p   print the partition table
+ G) ?% M8 F$ d4 @2 ~; _3 Y       q   quit without saving changes0 M0 E  ~. b2 \; B" f3 P
       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
* e. j, y; m1 x5 r       t   change a partition's system id
- K6 X4 J( W" V# \. f2 D/ @       u   change display/entry units
  I+ H8 J; Q7 A  S" ^9 a2 B       v   verify the partition table4 N9 n7 a3 m- Y; ]5 ~
       w   write table to disk and exit7 b; a5 g" ~5 `* ?! k) d3 e* f1 X
       x   extra functionality (experts only)
$ Z9 p' d- C5 v6 R( r$ T! R- I- E    Command (m for help): n
4 A" s4 c; c) ?' q    Command action
3 m/ o5 Y, e. Y4 A* ?& o& Q. R       e   extended# _; P- s& C5 `2 W7 E
       p   primary partition (1-4)- e5 P# g( K5 j3 ?; |& J6 t
    p- g1 x7 _8 @: S) G# n, C# S# I$ g2 @
    Partition number (1-4): 18 g9 T. N0 U1 s0 ~( V
    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
. j8 [1 P3 @1 ]$ s    Using default value 1& G3 V3 {. f5 H! N3 Q1 j
    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G" \4 n4 F% l- }$ \
    Command (m for help): p
' g, s. F1 q+ B3 s6 I( d9 I8 U7 @    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes6 j$ Q: Z1 v8 U/ j  t+ [
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders0 S- l; s& T7 s7 B' C
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
7 W) q6 F) i+ u  t) P       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System* K6 B+ G( |+ h9 r* y/ X( ?+ {/ o0 f2 v1 q
    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
0 g% T2 d. ~% s0 x! F- ]! {! C% B- S: O    Command (m for help): w
5 g$ K  p5 ?+ y  l    The partition table has been altered!
) c8 j) ^$ A1 [& \) ~' I0 s3 d    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table./ j2 \3 w2 R3 x* v8 K4 d$ X8 q8 u
    Syncing disks.; S1 R( S- @/ Z4 j" {) u5 s9 G
    //格式化新分区
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  1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1
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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)( G- g8 d, E& B( i8 I" D
    Filesystem label=
; ^/ s! z+ p9 w3 a    OS type: Linux4 E& J9 \2 u( D+ {( e
    Block size=1024 (log=0). W# {1 S' ^2 x5 U, {4 t9 w
    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
8 N' k# L2 q6 v  ]    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
4 X' D' l, [3 q; R( @0 D    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user3 k' x' [7 {6 U* |2 g+ S4 s6 V
    First data block=1, E! S0 F! a& |) d4 _8 h
    62 block groups
5 q  \7 x& Z; P. p2 ^    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
$ j2 O' i& P5 m6 t, R, D$ C    2040 inodes per group
8 A6 Y% i9 c5 r$ j# y. D# h7 A    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
0 l& g2 r/ l  ?$ k8 U8 y. l            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 4014096 N* ?# |& g( Y% v5 C* K1 u
    Writing inode tables: done                            0 W  d; a4 i) t
    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done$ \% ~8 F/ ^8 y4 A* `$ F
    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done3 O" M# [' d& ?; ?; h5 X
    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or  z  z8 d# B5 u! {" L' W
    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
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  1. df -k
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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点7 W8 ^3 ^7 g  E
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% // X2 Z/ i  w2 t* }
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot5 [) @$ f8 E! A! {' q& S* [
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
& q; x1 F/ G% N" ?! y7 Q    //挂上新分区/ f$ D- O" s+ ]- q# i
  1. mount /dev/hda1 /home% v7 f7 p' e& h- D5 |8 H
  2. df -k
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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
2 ^0 S+ E$ O" \$ b5 N/ O    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% // e) X0 ^8 G) A
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
, i) O3 V9 w$ A* d9 `. f( N    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm- g$ n! D& B: u9 K% m
    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home4 T' V9 Q( B2 j7 l" s8 e: a
$ J' v( e9 q& i! W) _+ y# N; z9 d
自动挂载:# N' g3 N5 M( d; c+ `
  1.           vi /etc/fstab
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  2. 0 \3 b5 U7 h4 ^# d
  3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
    1 d* h1 j; C9 Z* ^  Y
  4. $ z8 L# T( U* D  `7 K' S
  5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0
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手动挂载:# ^2 ^( H; m) U. \2 a0 W' P
  1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1; S6 Y* w4 N% ^, Q! E6 H
  2. $ H5 N" E6 i: |) l
  3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2
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