linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
' y2 z: V0 u5 v- U1 D8 N      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
* \4 Q, B4 u; }) n2 e( c7 r2 T      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
9 e% J1 F7 I8 k( O( [      ...
8 P* I( U  @3 ^6 |, _% l3 `7 |

1. df -k
   
2. df -lh
   
3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
   

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
$ @; ^- z1 a0 P  c$ A& K/ m0 u    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
5 p& E, V/ R6 G7 w/ v6 C    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
) T" V3 a' P+ s5 ]0 J+ C* H$ l    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
) z8 X8 c) r* C8 L8 u5 m    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用

1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
& o5 O2 f3 w& u6 K    content won't be recoverable.
* k6 i) n7 I0 ~; f/ S& l, C4 ]6 ^    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
9 N. Z) R- b( T4 l3 j    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
! H! f5 B# V: p7 k8 ?, R6 O( i    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
) h5 r+ s) C; J9 o7 e9 ]( \    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
# \4 \9 g5 a& f3 @' Z: ?6 p. {    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
3 Q: P# h+ @4 X9 K    Command (m for help): p
* R2 T. _5 [  }$ M    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
% B5 u  }; `9 u8 I6 a    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    Command (m for help): m
4 H" Q5 |- ?7 }5 z7 U4 T* N1 @1 U    Command action
       a   toggle a bootable flag
" q/ y; d& `! t% S  J4 ], U. R       b   edit bsd disklabel
       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
       d   delete a partition
       l   list known partition types
       m   print this menu
0 s  H$ x5 l* e4 D" D6 V7 o& f       n   add a new partition
       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
0 c4 `3 E( H6 i+ l, i; o& C" \       p   print the partition table
       q   quit without saving changes
  O& x; e8 g9 Q       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
, P+ n( c$ J; y( c8 c8 R       t   change a partition's system id
       u   change display/entry units
       v   verify the partition table
; k; Q4 t: K( ~5 I6 J       w   write table to disk and exit
* }% t+ Q) y) v3 {       x   extra functionality (experts only)
+ `6 |3 y: k5 k3 ~' }+ A$ K, c    Command (m for help): n
    Command action
3 N% j; W/ A' V9 e0 O) r       e   extended
  y9 C! N' v8 U) i' h; C# ?0 u       p   primary partition (1-4)
* q- T! s7 w+ v3 g' G    p
( \. Y/ y$ ~" ?! c8 l    Partition number (1-4): 1
    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
* x3 s, @4 K" ^2 `1 w( {- W5 N$ F    Using default value 1
& ?; j3 b' z: s& ~    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
$ P- \; K! A4 M7 X$ [    Command (m for help): p
" ^. s- }  n- q% W  `# E0 j% X& N* R* \7 V    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
3 E4 d, Q! F, Q7 t- o! O' Q9 d" g       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
  F: }7 y, l1 R' R  D    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
    Command (m for help): w
0 i5 ?# a* i) h    The partition table has been altered!
    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
& i8 `8 _8 c+ L) D2 m    Syncing disks.
3 ^  J: e( A+ D3 I    //格式化新分区

1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
/ t3 x! O5 z' S4 h# a+ c    Filesystem label=
4 i; E+ o, C  Y+ g; v/ h' t    OS type: Linux
/ U2 G8 t! [/ r& t8 g    Block size=1024 (log=0)
    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
    First data block=1
$ E; X1 j( ^& |* W  t2 d    62 block groups
    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
; N+ z& C( e- P' |" {    2040 inodes per group
. x. }$ ?) }( b; y    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
/ M! S9 Q  y5 s' l4 [: l$ c& D& u            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
    Writing inode tables: done                           
    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
0 G' b( H) u/ D# c    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
* r# C& r- U$ Z6 z    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
9 c$ ~, k; d" u; ^( p2 x    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
+ u' @8 Q. v9 B& s$ e! d    //挂上新分区
3 d$ h2 Z3 u4 |5 p" O( Y5 d8 h0 l

1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
   ( A! R7 _' R; U- d1 A& ]
2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
, u4 h1 T! _7 t: n- e* r$ ^    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home

0 ~# b2 w4 C* P自动挂载：

1.           vi /etc/fstab
   
2. 
   0 L- o( O2 i' ?' b, `. ]
3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
   ' b4 I7 [9 N' L2 b6 p7 f
4. 
   
5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：

1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
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2. 
   
3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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2 ^  D$ W. P1 l3 I; Z