linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
9 N- H( n) Q) L      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
) u2 U: e' g: i9 r4 i      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
      ...
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1. df -k
   % K& b9 G, B0 k
2. df -lh
   
3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
& ^0 y2 a' Z1 A6 }: j    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
  m5 B/ t: u' I  r) H" w    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用
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1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
+ J5 z4 J  W' d    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
# ~- \! h; _, c! n* N# w    content won't be recoverable.
' X# c; W& b" W4 b, |9 N    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
0 n: s$ a8 r9 ]" Z5 o; w( O    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
3 j- R) s1 l6 g# t$ d    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
8 L/ t' F% o# l* B2 Q; z    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
( W% u3 V& H2 j, u5 @$ G       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
  J& X4 {6 r4 f9 [    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
" L; l  @1 H: k1 W$ g    Command (m for help): p
4 i$ Y' x4 a: |    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
" f7 j! a1 F" q5 s    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
' c1 p  l6 Y* u# e. D' l  T: W    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
; E2 E& Y) Q; b9 T       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
& Z7 Z1 K3 a# {' j: t+ q    Command (m for help): m
* R7 E% q3 O& y' y/ i6 l: N4 U6 h. @    Command action
       a   toggle a bootable flag
9 @* j/ s  u/ l* Y! L% Z# f       b   edit bsd disklabel
       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
       d   delete a partition
& l  R& |9 M5 j$ R       l   list known partition types
       m   print this menu
       n   add a new partition
% L& A9 V  C. z: L( j       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
: y' ]& B, h+ d2 G- e       p   print the partition table
       q   quit without saving changes
       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
9 V. c7 f3 G1 m6 W3 a( W       t   change a partition's system id
: o8 A( U( b" |- V" ?% r       u   change display/entry units
3 U3 J! v6 X$ f1 r* Q) j       v   verify the partition table
       w   write table to disk and exit
       x   extra functionality (experts only)
    Command (m for help): n
    Command action
% r! `6 h! t: G: i( J. E' D" W       e   extended
       p   primary partition (1-4)
+ ?+ W4 j) ?8 E* T    p
    Partition number (1-4): 1
    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
    Using default value 1
4 w" k. x1 A/ i6 X8 z7 u    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
0 V9 y' R9 [1 h. ^8 N  p    Command (m for help): p
! C" x) m& e* Y0 v, Y: V% r' ]/ ?    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
9 U9 r  q: d3 O5 _    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
$ ]+ _8 u% @3 x' [* c) ?    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
1 a+ x, e! Z$ `5 x9 i" G    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
    Command (m for help): w
    The partition table has been altered!
    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
. S- Y. P- [- P; N# y    Syncing disks.
% m, t( u: z2 q0 l% W) K! Q    //格式化新分区

1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
) Y# [8 n( ^  O6 A, t# c    Filesystem label=
    OS type: Linux
    Block size=1024 (log=0)
    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
  `5 K: ^& F! {6 X, K4 G% g6 H    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
    First data block=1
    62 block groups
    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
$ [. i% h4 T8 H! A0 o" O    2040 inodes per group
* n2 y- w& c3 P/ y; @- J8 @    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
. V$ d; p' H; `' H5 _* L3 x" h            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
    Writing inode tables: done                           
    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
/ q' d, _0 O! Y, ^    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
3 @# c8 d" b3 W/ g4 ?    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
- ~+ i' c! Y+ V  U4 ~5 U4 V0 ?    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
5 y  {1 W% T1 R    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
4 B( q% |4 l* ?  M/ T% j: C$ x, A$ N    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    //挂上新分区

1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
   
2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
( t" ?, g! K% a3 l8 ]+ o    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
' O8 V/ m; L- T: x    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
" }+ }  v& A9 p    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home
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自动挂载：
$ R  I) t$ }, w% f/ c# s

1.           vi /etc/fstab
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2. 
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3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
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4. 
   
5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：

1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
   
2. 
   
3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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