linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
' g0 C/ T, @! R' h7 @1 w      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
8 k" _3 C; }2 i4 {2 j4 K      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
0 C4 L3 l/ S0 _1 |$ E8 X7 G& j      ...

1. df -k
   
2. df -lh
   
3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
   

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
$ Y, m7 v7 ^1 E  L$ A    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
8 ?4 W& Q# `  G+ ?& X+ R2 Y    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用
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1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
2 K. a/ O0 T+ I* ]0 ]5 a- r    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
/ U/ [  F( O( o9 ?    content won't be recoverable.
9 q! d# z& i) Z* k5 S9 h    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
4 ^7 o7 E0 b0 J& k6 y; M    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
% K, ?6 H$ A, @7 U: `4 c3 C    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
# H4 \: K% t; a9 t- k3 P    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
% d; p. T- P* N/ c2 h- S       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
  d2 P; Y% o9 ?7 \. r    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
  L' P! r2 s8 N& W5 ^2 d2 Y0 I    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
* h9 u* O1 z* y" h    Command (m for help): m
* O  m3 C9 z3 P# E( K( |    Command action
" O- G' G% J' |0 [" R       a   toggle a bootable flag
- l! b1 Q/ E. y" U7 r' Z       b   edit bsd disklabel
6 K/ b+ h1 o3 ~4 ^! b/ n       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
" v/ b4 a: r3 o$ P& `       d   delete a partition
/ }" c  ]# _& X8 l7 `       l   list known partition types
       m   print this menu
       n   add a new partition
0 T0 Y: N! R7 G. {. [       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
       p   print the partition table
. r  U. f1 c' j2 U       q   quit without saving changes
" {8 x# j9 N/ z       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
: p& e0 ?* t% x/ F% _       t   change a partition's system id
* _! E  l9 ]# Y; J- F5 ~" }1 \" G       u   change display/entry units
       v   verify the partition table
       w   write table to disk and exit
       x   extra functionality (experts only)
; }: |+ F* _( ^- D9 W$ Z& B# |- ?7 x    Command (m for help): n
5 L9 h1 b8 D5 E) x8 o2 D3 c. Z    Command action
       e   extended
       p   primary partition (1-4)
    p
    Partition number (1-4): 1
# j4 |4 C$ b( [, B4 {    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
    Using default value 1
6 v; g+ U* _5 s2 B, x$ U    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
9 n0 x' b6 z1 O* x8 B6 E    Command (m for help): p
6 @, g' ?2 G. _3 S% ?+ w- O! H    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
  R0 j' x: {+ p% m; [    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
9 ]9 o# E' C: U% ?% e' K: i       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
- U& o8 ~. A& h# }. E    Command (m for help): w
6 v) H3 V1 N$ Y  Z6 o2 C8 m& g    The partition table has been altered!
    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
    Syncing disks.
    //格式化新分区
  P7 A5 O: p3 [* n

1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
  v7 B% E0 P: }# l! ]! e2 E  b1 d, D    Filesystem label=
3 x+ u6 m1 Q8 o7 g    OS type: Linux
    Block size=1024 (log=0)
    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
5 R2 g$ Y  h& d2 u. ~& U    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
7 D0 w0 ~: R- [: Q( W- ]8 v, o    First data block=1
    62 block groups
    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
    2040 inodes per group
    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
    Writing inode tables: done                           
" F5 h9 z# l  D    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
, v: g9 W) q# D1 ?8 P7 s    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
6 n% p7 [  p+ E7 [; J+ N; U% q    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
1 }/ O1 U0 e7 j& _6 c  \+ C    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
, j  B; B6 j6 w: V2 q- \" N6 j, \& b    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
$ a8 b3 h' f6 t    //挂上新分区
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1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
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2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
+ l1 g4 M3 Y7 N% E    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
+ y* n2 n( e+ @0 Z5 n    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home

自动挂载：

1.           vi /etc/fstab
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2. 
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3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
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4. 
   
5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：

1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
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2. 
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3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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