linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
+ z- q* V1 P& P/ x7 y0 g      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
      ...
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1. df -k
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2. df -lh
   % i/ S2 ?" s6 A
3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
   

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用

1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
8 k; q3 o' O& K$ i! l    content won't be recoverable.
    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
% Q  K5 n9 C* X5 u    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
2 k! t" d# o- |- @; {    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
2 h- d0 W/ m" |" U  s$ r       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
' D! H/ ^9 m0 o7 ?    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
) ]( q  O- d3 l    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
7 ]' m! {/ `9 E/ a* `& r       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
6 M: ~5 n. O" x+ W0 w    Command (m for help): m
* y* W; H0 Q5 \! o4 F    Command action
  [+ O" \0 }; S+ P0 g2 r       a   toggle a bootable flag
$ {* q  L$ V9 j/ `! N8 n       b   edit bsd disklabel
1 Y" b# E, w6 K" m% a       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
4 C6 I, l- Y6 y2 W4 V5 y       d   delete a partition
       l   list known partition types
: i6 K9 t& L# B: i2 {! P       m   print this menu
       n   add a new partition
8 x5 N/ u0 c' o; P) g+ p0 S       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
       p   print the partition table
+ N2 O% M3 g3 |1 M       q   quit without saving changes
! ]% E7 M8 B) [4 u* J" t, b8 c       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
       t   change a partition's system id
       u   change display/entry units
3 U& O* u6 H% n: @! B- \       v   verify the partition table
$ y2 U: r. y0 a# E8 m6 Q+ \       w   write table to disk and exit
       x   extra functionality (experts only)
    Command (m for help): n
    Command action
       e   extended
& K& B- v! M: u* R: |, ]- J       p   primary partition (1-4)
: p7 z( d. ]  `! K+ [2 C    p
    Partition number (1-4): 1
    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
    Using default value 1
5 ]. }2 z. |3 Y! f    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
- ^, r( U7 I1 y5 v    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
8 b" m; C, M( ]: `  F) K7 r1 w  X    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
    Command (m for help): w
$ {9 @0 C0 s8 J; [7 J" D    The partition table has been altered!
% t( x7 \" W# ?( q    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
  \9 M$ W  b: v6 N0 C7 t- y    Syncing disks.
    //格式化新分区
' R+ z9 l) t  ]& b: l1 w+ H8 o

1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
3 ~- I$ x5 I# e/ z8 `4 z* I    Filesystem label=
    OS type: Linux
    Block size=1024 (log=0)
    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
9 g) Q$ m# y# O6 g6 D9 M3 P1 t    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
) c2 b) L$ n5 T    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
    First data block=1
    62 block groups
; s5 {$ M# j  e% `    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
    2040 inodes per group
) }: q9 O# _2 }    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
    Writing inode tables: done                           
* s% X9 i1 C5 G( C+ A    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
, Z/ W& f$ |6 l. g# e  I    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
& r1 _* n" C" I7 f4 V    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
& a6 ~& d9 @% @& m

1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
9 S1 E) f2 x! }    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
0 [9 G) }8 r$ H3 l% q& d0 O% o: z    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
+ W# z; g* H* n1 B    //挂上新分区
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1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
   
2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
) [6 A" `$ S; g( j' t, f    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
/ u: x3 ?6 {) v; i' S  }6 b3 @    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home

1 a# l  P7 r7 M' _7 H3 M; ?& Y7 R自动挂载：
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1.           vi /etc/fstab
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2. 
   
3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
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4. 
   7 j2 h; d: ^0 l
5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：

1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
   
2. 
   
3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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