linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
4 B( D! r. `7 \$ N; N      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
- T' V4 m$ X) C" Z6 x$ B. g      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
      ...
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1. df -k
   
2. df -lh
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3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
   

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
# c# Q( @* N  t8 t, t    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
; }7 H, I, j. M/ M& `9 N, {    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用

1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
' g& g& ~! n3 z4 v    content won't be recoverable.
8 A' v" [$ K- E# S    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
+ `9 l  C& Y" h0 ?3 a    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
( B2 @8 f  n5 a4 V# f1 `( r       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
    Command (m for help): p
% J4 Z5 j4 b3 p0 M    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
( _) F4 j( m& ~! v1 [* r( \- Z    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    Command (m for help): m
1 _8 u8 u; U  W# y$ h    Command action
       a   toggle a bootable flag
       b   edit bsd disklabel
       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
3 x5 b3 w6 u" `! Z- s0 e       d   delete a partition
% }; D5 b& |# B  r6 X       l   list known partition types
# K6 K: }  b7 H3 p5 D       m   print this menu
       n   add a new partition
% M5 G8 T7 u) @- |/ c       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
       p   print the partition table
) ]) n# H5 v' e( u       q   quit without saving changes
       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
       t   change a partition's system id
# V- s2 E9 G1 D- D' \       u   change display/entry units
       v   verify the partition table
       w   write table to disk and exit
       x   extra functionality (experts only)
& T' j6 ^0 d2 i6 `3 @  |  K    Command (m for help): n
0 J, ?% s9 [4 F) ]: t    Command action
% T% p2 V1 U9 c4 s! i  \1 n/ H       e   extended
       p   primary partition (1-4)
8 i, G7 I/ d( V& ]8 c# z' \    p
* m8 o' V" t+ R5 k6 B    Partition number (1-4): 1
    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
    Using default value 1
: I# E6 Z  W% ?# ~; j    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
6 Z/ m* L+ F  }! Z9 T7 E4 T    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
! C. s. {2 P2 M/ L2 m6 {  s" |    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
3 u# P$ t3 Q8 C    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
. ^% L5 Q* @4 u/ `- G$ g       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
( q: Y$ J5 Z. Q2 p' F    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
    Command (m for help): w
% C. C; k' s% {% L    The partition table has been altered!
8 \2 z: Z+ t  i    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
    Syncing disks.
    //格式化新分区
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1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
    Filesystem label=
    OS type: Linux
6 [* B2 [2 ?  d# |% M8 k    Block size=1024 (log=0)
* q0 u/ F. h6 }# ]    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
5 Q# |+ J$ u1 |# L* t/ O/ U    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
& u7 g+ L) o+ M, }8 B9 j( @. m# x    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
    First data block=1
' H3 l' u, X5 t5 F2 Y    62 block groups
    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
! k7 B' J5 Q; W! e! N4 d5 p    2040 inodes per group
    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
    Writing inode tables: done                           
    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
6 j; _+ j2 L- B) H, \) u# `7 l  R    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
/ p  C6 ?, J" O, W    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    //挂上新分区
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1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
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2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
1 Y! K& R( w  \3 h: k& ~, B    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home

% i! u% J4 n& Z" r% Y# k5 A自动挂载：

1.           vi /etc/fstab
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2. 
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3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
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4. 
   
5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：
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1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
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2. 
   
3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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