linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
      ...

1. df -k
   
2. df -lh
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3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
   $ |+ B( W6 B! R0 B3 C, G' x# S

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
+ x- k9 t, S) I; V    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
2 W0 |3 W  V! J( o% ~    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用

1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
) ~6 W6 M  L. \0 L4 G+ _1 {4 K, s    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
8 G* G) @7 i/ ^; Y- V- G' L- a0 y  |% U    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
    content won't be recoverable.
( T+ E- u6 k- {4 y1 j7 Z    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
7 v2 [: ]  y4 X2 J- y; ^) Z+ @. q# z    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
) M* |: Q1 I/ E) x    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
, b0 l$ B9 Q8 e+ k    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
, w9 a1 O% @! v6 W' t( U    Command (m for help): m
% [5 \7 }! F8 q; ^; m# e1 ~& {1 A    Command action
! A, i+ m* h3 `5 ~       a   toggle a bootable flag
, X* |& x* G$ j2 Y9 X       b   edit bsd disklabel
1 e, G  K7 e: x4 C6 c       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
       d   delete a partition
% r9 ^7 x  k7 A. m       l   list known partition types
       m   print this menu
       n   add a new partition
       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
1 W! H! K1 G+ W8 z. |       p   print the partition table
       q   quit without saving changes
8 A; |: y( x0 J! l       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
, T& S( {2 c+ A, ^: J       t   change a partition's system id
1 J- p( S) K- z; z9 T! S. B       u   change display/entry units
       v   verify the partition table
       w   write table to disk and exit
       x   extra functionality (experts only)
    Command (m for help): n
8 S6 t+ O7 M& F/ `    Command action
       e   extended
       p   primary partition (1-4)
    p
. Y; @* \2 `  h    Partition number (1-4): 1
    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
    Using default value 1
    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
+ b3 v2 D& D7 }( F; ^- K/ _& Z: K    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
0 o1 d! g6 _: Y: k    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
3 T3 B% T( o4 ?) H" c       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
    Command (m for help): w
    The partition table has been altered!
    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
) F. D; M1 g3 L! J. ]* O    Syncing disks.
0 Z/ O( V) N+ C, Q* s" }    //格式化新分区
  O6 i2 s; }. ~( w: |/ m

1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
0 i6 |- O- J  x+ S  r7 t& a    Filesystem label=
! V+ {7 Z8 j! _; ^1 n, s7 n0 [$ o    OS type: Linux
    Block size=1024 (log=0)
$ T- F* b8 \, G    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
! F. p9 y7 S$ }5 f& y    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
    First data block=1
    62 block groups
6 z" h# U7 r# z& B! Y    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
2 `, I+ C+ R7 ]: m  I# I$ V$ g    2040 inodes per group
# G8 D6 ~. c8 }7 ^    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
; l8 ^" `5 O8 Z2 N$ [            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
    Writing inode tables: done                           
" S. b/ @  s4 b    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
) t& B' @9 u6 D3 |& B; X    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
2 M1 X  l& y# o5 j8 A0 P% r    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
1 a: [2 g! |, K; X9 p. f$ M6 P' t: N

1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
( L" A( c8 O" w( Z6 f+ N    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
4 D. K9 ^0 Q4 Q# N. K- j) q/ y% Y& I    //挂上新分区

1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
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2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
1 {! V( T& G7 A    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home
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自动挂载：

1.           vi /etc/fstab
   
2. 
   ; r' l0 x9 |+ ^
3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
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4. 
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5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：
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1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
   
2. 
   
3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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