linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
" V) c# j* |0 p. X' G      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
- X* u# k3 L2 ]) O- l- l5 Y8 s8 Y! a      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
      ...

1. df -k
   
2. df -lh
   
3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
   : {3 n$ b0 s& z9 s$ q

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
' ^* a* A" r$ C    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
  a: a3 |3 ~! S( [, I, l) ~  Q$ W    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用
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1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
6 K6 x. ^" t( y2 u! p    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
3 O* m' l9 p5 }! |! g9 u    content won't be recoverable.
  S6 W$ @% G8 L; m    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
8 f! T+ z9 u0 {* O2 I% G    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
% z# h: n8 I1 l2 r, W/ _9 [    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
* G! ~; D7 x* {; ~5 g    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
! ~. G! F0 J* N# p7 i% o0 Z+ f    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
3 E. L1 ^6 l& C6 k% l    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
7 ^4 u3 u* [- B/ e& ?# E       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
3 ?( J) J6 a7 i1 T2 |0 v    Command (m for help): m
( [/ C1 D5 O/ T7 I6 I2 i    Command action
( i# d8 Z, Q" G$ M0 j- A       a   toggle a bootable flag
8 @/ z" r& ^1 X; o3 E       b   edit bsd disklabel
. v- f3 J0 j' Y/ H' @( p% z/ X1 Z       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
+ v1 K2 |" _# Y       d   delete a partition
" `0 [" H- k4 {, A4 B* |' B5 m6 n( @       l   list known partition types
! m* U4 |; A3 k" Z       m   print this menu
1 s5 N& {5 ?( [$ n& V       n   add a new partition
       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
$ w% A" e2 M" Y0 [" U5 N       p   print the partition table
  N* T6 ]  k' `5 y9 B4 `5 o, r       q   quit without saving changes
# w8 U. s; v3 }       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
$ z( M+ ]! i7 q       t   change a partition's system id
       u   change display/entry units
' e" H, _2 A1 [# L6 i( u       v   verify the partition table
       w   write table to disk and exit
       x   extra functionality (experts only)
! b( W: `1 v8 _# P4 h8 J    Command (m for help): n
7 w, U$ G* ?5 y+ m8 f3 u    Command action
$ Z  L7 ?1 M$ V0 s       e   extended
       p   primary partition (1-4)
0 m0 X* y1 B1 K4 y    p
" W0 Y  t! l) V& G7 z8 R$ z    Partition number (1-4): 1
: c+ m; G+ I" v/ s& h% l    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
7 V3 K7 m" k+ l5 F    Using default value 1
. k0 x5 E/ Q: v! R; a    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
# H" |' C2 E' B1 w3 J7 z, E    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
    Command (m for help): w
8 R6 {7 d( T) m' p0 X% m3 m    The partition table has been altered!
$ v  }1 T) r' J3 J! i( J. Q( q    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
    Syncing disks.
    //格式化新分区
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1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
: K# ?! _/ z# \, e% ^; Y    Filesystem label=
    OS type: Linux
    Block size=1024 (log=0)
    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
5 A% J. Q2 V- R% ^& y    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
) e% A* O6 P! v/ }    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
( e% N5 q3 C( z# {" N0 B% h8 \2 h7 ?    First data block=1
    62 block groups
( [! O4 c2 y  K0 [    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
    2040 inodes per group
% [/ r. I( x- Y! P3 ~    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
    Writing inode tables: done                           
    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
) y8 b( P* B4 I5 {4 L) L% r    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
4 \7 b0 o0 L) u    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
! e/ `1 L1 k" z6 c' D2 M    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
: n' X3 w' y5 O2 v! F: _, M    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    //挂上新分区
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1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
   + J$ ^0 e3 K, K4 ~( Q6 v
2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
6 y9 W: ]. _' m5 {, S) O3 d6 A) Y    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home
# ^4 A; }" Z9 |4 h4 B+ ^
8 z6 J. G: I, l' O自动挂载：

1.           vi /etc/fstab
   / |. t* Z1 a3 i/ b/ \+ W
2. 
   ( h# H0 J! ~# S, {2 I9 A
3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
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4. 
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5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：

1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
   8 |$ p" T! j( l6 @) @2 b
2. 
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3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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