linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
& {& P' L, G& T; b+ _/ {0 c' F      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
' E0 N$ V+ Q9 D8 ~# f      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
1 X  [+ s2 W6 D+ z$ {- ^2 N      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
      ...
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1. df -k
   
2. df -lh
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3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
$ Q3 `# m; ?' w    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
0 V" C" D  f. |5 P5 B$ M    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
, A/ A- S  l2 Z, ?$ v    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用
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1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
. R2 e% M# }5 A0 E/ h, u    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
5 u0 L$ O4 G: V    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
5 A0 s" |9 ]9 H( [* y: u    content won't be recoverable.
    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
; B; M% X( J8 l; k" |    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
( z- B0 M  k7 x8 ~; r; U8 h6 P    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
2 O* X+ Q- f% H! ?' e  {    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
+ k. U/ c4 ~5 L: [, j    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    Command (m for help): m
    Command action
       a   toggle a bootable flag
       b   edit bsd disklabel
       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
       d   delete a partition
       l   list known partition types
! t  V% M4 a% t       m   print this menu
       n   add a new partition
# T& S9 y7 c- t3 \5 W; D" Q       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
. y7 e/ Z2 z3 z2 \0 Z       p   print the partition table
       q   quit without saving changes
0 X6 I/ c/ g7 ^* p8 G. o/ ~5 R       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
       t   change a partition's system id
       u   change display/entry units
1 _8 w, l/ R% t3 y       v   verify the partition table
       w   write table to disk and exit
       x   extra functionality (experts only)
    Command (m for help): n
  S" f2 V1 W- j# f- ]4 q) Y  {    Command action
; R0 t1 U0 y. P% E  O       e   extended
* v/ @# C& }; o2 K* e3 w/ ]+ E       p   primary partition (1-4)
. U" s% w5 R0 l$ G8 Z: u/ Q' x1 h    p
    Partition number (1-4): 1
- n" u7 z6 X: o  m6 b* x# i    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
3 {0 @; l; m& g8 v5 N) |% Q2 K    Using default value 1
& ^4 s& [& N  D! b! @" {7 Q0 d# B    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
7 y0 F3 ~; B- H7 w  J    Command (m for help): p
2 P# u: B* f$ X    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
, x# t; W) D4 h3 }. u* a    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
* ^! G6 E6 B5 S" Y- c       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
' M: l- o1 b' s    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
2 ]# A, I5 Y! o4 @" K3 ]+ t    Command (m for help): w
    The partition table has been altered!
* Q) `9 T7 E# ?# Y8 {" y    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
8 n+ A. {+ ]7 L! h3 i$ m2 X    Syncing disks.
    //格式化新分区
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1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
% }4 M5 g  `; Q+ L3 u5 i    Filesystem label=
    OS type: Linux
    Block size=1024 (log=0)
    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
8 L2 ^( s( E2 l' I; a    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
/ I# ]" S# y$ A! Z  O# n    First data block=1
    62 block groups
8 w1 B: b/ M) b5 d3 e% z    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
) |9 x) j) T( |* R% Q2 M; F    2040 inodes per group
    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
' E$ Y; S+ W% e  S. J) l4 B" d            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
    Writing inode tables: done                           
    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
- p! z$ T1 K0 c( I2 I! P1 t; X# I, Q    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
6 \# r8 {  |, b! E0 n! k0 H: c    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
% }/ C, {0 f, k, i# k    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
5 O' `- ?( s7 O7 g- P) K8 J. |    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
( P/ Z$ n: }# E) W    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    //挂上新分区

1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
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2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
5 G: y2 `- s: E. u3 ~, d$ S' Y    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
" g6 v( l; O2 e3 N    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home
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3 B6 W* v0 u3 O+ m自动挂载：

1.           vi /etc/fstab
   
2. 
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3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
   
4. 
   
5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：
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1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
   
2. 
   
3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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