linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
. N+ i" x0 U+ Z2 T" b7 i+ |* M      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
: t, x7 j1 W4 u; Q      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
      ...
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1. df -k
   
2. df -lh
   
3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
   

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
8 o" d- }- j. T2 z% L    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
' b4 l/ J9 g9 {, E3 {+ c% _    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用
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1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
- B9 L6 @- u( i. Z7 \5 ~    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
    content won't be recoverable.
  ~3 b1 Y+ ?# g$ P/ E* d( p    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
! q! h' X6 C. A# Z4 J) b( d9 E    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
  t* a' V9 F8 D( U' w    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
) ^, q4 u/ Q+ l) i8 |1 G    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
! {& P5 P5 G7 g" q- Z    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
- M9 n1 N6 ~. ^( t* f  e! U$ r5 e    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
& T% M8 @5 p# m( ?* F, m    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
( [, R# _  E* j/ _    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    Command (m for help): m
5 h2 b- a$ L6 l: l( b$ o! ]    Command action
       a   toggle a bootable flag
       b   edit bsd disklabel
       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
. b. {3 c% |8 @7 `4 U( D+ ]2 b+ Q. F' @; t       d   delete a partition
# ]. r* c7 N+ ?' @2 Q       l   list known partition types
       m   print this menu
8 Q$ S+ P! g, }       n   add a new partition
7 ]0 R7 f( J$ D* ^3 e       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
       p   print the partition table
       q   quit without saving changes
       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
       t   change a partition's system id
       u   change display/entry units
       v   verify the partition table
       w   write table to disk and exit
3 H3 E3 r; P. K; K% L4 e       x   extra functionality (experts only)
    Command (m for help): n
    Command action
- }' u2 o: [0 F       e   extended
       p   primary partition (1-4)
    p
    Partition number (1-4): 1
    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
    Using default value 1
8 M/ h1 m$ M6 V/ F* }# m    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
4 p5 `/ T  @1 P) F    Command (m for help): p
" x8 F$ }4 V. p    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
0 W$ X" ?( a, l" a  b) v; X1 i. B: S    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
) L5 _% A4 z. B6 x; N; b7 a3 ]) s    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
# h* G% ?6 ^4 b' G4 F1 J8 ^( T    Command (m for help): w
+ x: m' Q5 P9 ^2 H2 c    The partition table has been altered!
    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
8 m: i, u0 T) H" s    Syncing disks.
5 c! L; e- o5 z" s" H! M    //格式化新分区

1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
6 T8 T; h5 M( U) h2 Y' p& v    Filesystem label=
# R. X+ k/ O$ j* ~7 f1 E% c  }/ ]& A    OS type: Linux
1 ?1 x, L  h+ C6 {, V( P2 W% i1 A    Block size=1024 (log=0)
/ H5 A9 a2 w8 W$ \. i3 L    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
& i# W/ J. `; G2 b# J9 s    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
    First data block=1
1 Z+ D5 s/ r3 S, m3 ~5 r    62 block groups
8 \4 t4 N& M3 F' v. E, i    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
- v* ^4 O; w! T8 @7 ^+ A    2040 inodes per group
    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
  f0 y) a- z5 X! d( _0 h            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
    Writing inode tables: done                           
    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
5 q" y* z: s! G, J6 N& |    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
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1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
/ u0 Z8 f3 n( k# \$ B+ {, |5 C    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
0 H& y0 e- K9 ~1 C! k: a    //挂上新分区
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1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
   
2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
' ?- `" v# n0 G    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home
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自动挂载：
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1.           vi /etc/fstab
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2. 
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3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
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4. 
   
5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：
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1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
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2. 
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3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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