linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
6 J3 ^- F* @6 W) W  F: }      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
      ...
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1. df -k
   
2. df -lh
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3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
$ h' e# [7 g4 \; J3 R9 ?    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
! k6 n; i8 Q, A4 `- l6 k9 }    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用

1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
1 D7 p- r  k2 ~% h6 J  V    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
+ C  O" a! g4 b% j) _    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
9 `3 S3 V3 j1 I, |1 h+ f. Z    content won't be recoverable.
    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
. A9 p& S$ A: R9 c6 h    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
7 ?5 z7 N2 @, W0 M/ z    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
% ?9 w3 g; w$ l; p5 w3 X    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
/ O" d/ F- I. n0 W  n    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
; j: N  _; w( h    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
" M- ?( A4 N# Y# K! ?6 h3 ?    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
& d+ M7 r, W6 Y3 y, s# D* {       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    Command (m for help): m
    Command action
7 v4 h8 K, P# a. a' z, S0 R       a   toggle a bootable flag
+ H: Y8 j0 w: C) t" A       b   edit bsd disklabel
3 d: x1 ^$ I$ f: {7 Z9 w       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
: w, S2 H; v! K% R! e       d   delete a partition
. ^2 u1 i! ]; X       l   list known partition types
       m   print this menu
/ Q/ T6 O+ o( h! I/ ?& ~: x1 B       n   add a new partition
7 C! v$ t; P* k6 {( A: d# }6 B       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
- K7 R+ t& P4 o; c: N       p   print the partition table
       q   quit without saving changes
0 }) y( a$ I( X2 @& z( v9 }       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
  v0 s/ N5 Y, i8 ?       t   change a partition's system id
       u   change display/entry units
       v   verify the partition table
       w   write table to disk and exit
       x   extra functionality (experts only)
& b5 ^: u0 U6 v& W0 w( J1 ~0 V    Command (m for help): n
    Command action
/ }5 D$ k# d5 ~       e   extended
! [( ~" l+ ]6 N2 {4 E+ ]       p   primary partition (1-4)
    p
- ?2 o7 i/ k* |0 C# z- U    Partition number (1-4): 1
    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
: w1 M3 I' Y; M6 F    Using default value 1
    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
3 P+ E0 |1 m, W2 F    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
/ r4 a% m) h- w4 F( l+ f    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
% @; x# e' }# f$ C8 p' H       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
  n7 X  ^$ m  F% R) ?    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
/ A9 S! }  o$ N* k5 z    Command (m for help): w
5 v. i+ e" @- ^3 k( w; |    The partition table has been altered!
; U- l* @2 `- @$ k) M; ]/ |# Y( }    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
    Syncing disks.
    //格式化新分区
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1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
    Filesystem label=
) ~8 f# ^8 N+ ^. o) r- N& A    OS type: Linux
- Y; l% q7 n& n$ x" W! G    Block size=1024 (log=0)
  V' o% y1 p( v% X# x/ o# w" J    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
/ Y% c: L5 ^' `( q    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
! }5 \  T/ Q! Y6 J) V    First data block=1
& S0 c  U) @8 B! K+ Q. c+ q    62 block groups
0 T' j! b/ C& M  O4 Y9 O    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
    2040 inodes per group
    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
    Writing inode tables: done                           
    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
3 s) o+ W+ ]+ a. p2 l2 C# r    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
3 K3 N- q( }$ B& p7 R) H3 U    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
; z6 ~0 ]4 J; U( n4 Y* a8 ]  k$ l, b# ]    //挂上新分区
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1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
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2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
7 L  @- k  Y2 z8 c7 j3 u: @    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home

自动挂载：

1.           vi /etc/fstab
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2. 
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3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
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4. 
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5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：

1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
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2. 
   
3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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