linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
: Y0 @+ I+ M2 }! S" N, }  I      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
# {$ W" U1 |, ?- X      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
      ...

1. df -k
   
2. df -lh
   
3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
. @9 V0 X/ i$ q* [    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
2 c& B, y5 Y- i7 m9 q2 x; k    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用
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1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
) J! _% P4 j0 p& W5 J* Q    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
& k4 B* f& I! o0 t( q6 O% z' R1 t    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
    content won't be recoverable.
2 e0 e- |3 c. n+ x0 b7 P    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
9 H& M1 i4 j3 L    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
) U' G+ @4 |; u, Z5 M. I    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
, S5 d+ Z* ?* r4 b    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
! V' P5 ]) v$ t( m2 ?    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
    Command (m for help): p
# j- F, L0 J% {+ z1 y% P    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
& |7 t, i6 X. n+ o1 h    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
' M0 B" Q( ?6 k' q    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
: N) Q2 ^- e: V       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
) W9 n2 s' k# {  v0 M7 ]    Command (m for help): m
2 v/ C% p( A/ q0 ?3 _  K    Command action
       a   toggle a bootable flag
! l( z& I$ S/ v4 V$ @, e       b   edit bsd disklabel
       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
       d   delete a partition
       l   list known partition types
$ ]4 ?. |) ?/ |' k7 T       m   print this menu
2 u* X% s8 F! B- J       n   add a new partition
& i2 z0 A# X4 H5 r       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
8 h+ y# o1 x5 X+ X       p   print the partition table
1 [" F4 y; B/ M, S       q   quit without saving changes
/ p9 G/ O4 q; C3 s       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
       t   change a partition's system id
       u   change display/entry units
# d3 C$ S- N  n  H8 p       v   verify the partition table
6 i7 i; h* U6 @# E3 Z       w   write table to disk and exit
/ Z7 p$ y6 v4 l+ o       x   extra functionality (experts only)
- g" b! U1 y7 F; \    Command (m for help): n
    Command action
' t5 e* s! N+ J- D       e   extended
       p   primary partition (1-4)
    p
    Partition number (1-4): 1
8 ]0 H( k* U9 ~4 u( |    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
* {. e+ ]  r. M    Using default value 1
    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
5 {7 J  ~$ |! i: s: O    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
    Command (m for help): w
    The partition table has been altered!
6 Y2 D5 }5 Z) E1 I    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
    Syncing disks.
    //格式化新分区
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1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
1 M9 T( f$ R. |& }. a, ~6 D$ @; O    Filesystem label=
    OS type: Linux
    Block size=1024 (log=0)
6 u$ m; I* P5 p, I    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
/ @4 c+ z; e' j, m" t" F    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
% O- Z$ t/ @* i9 g2 E  G' O6 m    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
    First data block=1
7 C' Q9 @) b: s  u, i0 o1 o    62 block groups
    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
6 |4 d$ E, @! t( C+ @2 z+ z    2040 inodes per group
' y1 p+ `9 ~* z# J0 }  L    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
8 q+ r" O  f: Q2 F' w2 C            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
+ Y# t1 l1 W' s! E$ |. p    Writing inode tables: done                           
    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
9 h+ N* @" ]% I# e! l2 g0 {    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
* ^5 {; b- i9 F; D    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
/ G7 u, i% J- q$ f- }1 h1 a    //挂上新分区

1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
   
2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
6 V* N) f4 K" j8 J: D3 Y    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
4 ^+ Q* o6 U. q    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home

, i0 v8 k* b* a! y8 Z自动挂载：
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1.           vi /etc/fstab
   
2. 
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3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
   
4. 
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5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：

1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
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2. 
   
3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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