linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
7 d) J7 N! w6 d. _" ]  ^8 r6 g      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
' b6 |* u3 B3 L  f* H. F* m4 q      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
3 p9 ^+ R+ p7 ]: o; k% C: x5 N& _      ...

1. df -k
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2. df -lh
   
3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
! D2 r! {# W! d+ Y2 I% K1 C. Y2 {( B  w    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
# M, D8 x  b3 E6 f2 {' w1 @    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用
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1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
- l  k% f! q& x# w+ d# T( v    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
$ P; {1 m# D; v    content won't be recoverable.
8 S. u# C& m: e' q    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
9 q. ~# p" o5 }9 m- D. k    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
1 z% f/ N2 }/ P  F/ g$ i    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
, j8 e& ]/ H: s/ k    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
7 J% T4 H( t3 B1 E    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
, m; W5 L6 e' Z8 c; ^+ c& F! Z8 y    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
* k, ]* }5 U1 K7 b2 j    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    Command (m for help): m
* M4 o, K* A1 o; L4 ?, g    Command action
( B4 C$ L, D3 A  s! A5 |, l       a   toggle a bootable flag
& O& l+ }6 M) X/ E; H( p0 q% o       b   edit bsd disklabel
       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
) R* l* x( S) \* ~/ _       d   delete a partition
       l   list known partition types
       m   print this menu
( ^$ f1 _- [+ v4 K       n   add a new partition
8 @( M" Z' V) b$ ~/ l       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
       p   print the partition table
       q   quit without saving changes
# R' i& `5 K2 ?       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
, R! `3 l  C. c2 a4 P2 G7 [- g       t   change a partition's system id
       u   change display/entry units
       v   verify the partition table
( D. K# L1 V% D3 M. O; l* a% Q( K$ _       w   write table to disk and exit
# S+ U) ]& r" w! b) j6 R       x   extra functionality (experts only)
    Command (m for help): n
    Command action
$ b$ W8 F9 j* k  A- [       e   extended
. Z6 s6 y& A: M; v. v" @# j       p   primary partition (1-4)
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    Partition number (1-4): 1
) b+ x& M) H. t1 I3 J    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
2 Q4 w9 ]! ^; c, Z+ p8 L, i    Using default value 1
    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
6 J7 ^+ E- @2 \! V6 u* B    Command (m for help): p
* ~) i* s& Y8 K  M    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
8 p6 s6 q0 j- H2 f    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
; S; `8 `% ?/ g" B- g6 o    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
" w" t3 |5 A" T. m    Command (m for help): w
    The partition table has been altered!
    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
  Z; k* @$ O" V8 i' `3 t) M& |    Syncing disks.
& E0 j& Q; A4 c+ X1 s2 M. z    //格式化新分区

1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
    Filesystem label=
: o& ~. j! c0 R# H( V    OS type: Linux
    Block size=1024 (log=0)
    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
    First data block=1
2 A3 O, S9 K' M* f    62 block groups
    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
    2040 inodes per group
5 y$ Q( Z; o9 W# k+ L2 E5 L& d    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
    Writing inode tables: done                           
: z/ I1 w0 w. h0 E! p+ t    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
* v* K; ?7 W# {+ E7 v; q" B+ S: J    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
+ w- O/ r9 v* B% A) P; ?    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
5 s. G( h4 ?) v+ b4 Z6 U4 g4 D' |    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
% V9 |1 ?' o/ n7 [    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    //挂上新分区

1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
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2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
1 R3 t1 }5 r. j9 g' v! Z    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
1 |3 h# D5 y: p    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home

: [% H6 q8 a3 G2 N自动挂载：

1.           vi /etc/fstab
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2. 
   
3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
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4. 
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5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：

1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
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2. 
   
3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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