linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
, |2 n, J3 W2 E2 U4 t      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
$ K  o' a3 X1 l$ v      ...
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1. df -k
   
2. df -lh
   
3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用
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1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
) r. |) |0 |8 _    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
5 A8 i: f7 t5 \' x+ j, k    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
( _0 K( d8 z+ K$ M- u    content won't be recoverable.
    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
1 ~' \( A) F$ C! f  R$ c1 K    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
) ?' a& t; }. s& E( I) }       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
$ D1 a' m: ^' Q! W    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    Command (m for help): m
( T: E) n0 [5 ~# \. }. ~7 p    Command action
       a   toggle a bootable flag
9 E. x4 p( A5 s' I0 w+ B; i       b   edit bsd disklabel
! e+ k9 F. a" n3 ~4 ^       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
       d   delete a partition
7 ?# l9 x6 `+ ~" A" b0 |       l   list known partition types
       m   print this menu
       n   add a new partition
; l( H' A* L  T. v       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
- w; P+ d6 B- l( }; k' J       p   print the partition table
* w' @7 b7 L: A- s2 Z9 `       q   quit without saving changes
& y' h6 p+ {2 d1 z  ?       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
5 l4 s, ]; [# n  S% o1 f2 p       t   change a partition's system id
$ |  O; |8 c, h. _4 Y  n+ ~       u   change display/entry units
# k2 f4 ]: W) G+ g( Q# [0 P       v   verify the partition table
       w   write table to disk and exit
       x   extra functionality (experts only)
    Command (m for help): n
% Z& O$ z) W8 a4 Q8 G7 W+ c; Y    Command action
7 `) W# T) V5 {3 E! n' l       e   extended
5 D% Z% I$ l( U       p   primary partition (1-4)
6 B; K. e3 ^/ X0 Y3 b    p
! N/ j2 e( t- W* C  j    Partition number (1-4): 1
    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
    Using default value 1
    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
    Command (m for help): p
: y! z0 w" u: c    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
9 q" k7 ]3 Z5 t9 X( H; X9 X: Q    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
+ L3 x9 X2 @2 _9 J6 W0 m       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
    Command (m for help): w
    The partition table has been altered!
" a3 n- G2 t" M, k% r    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
" a1 r* m" \5 y! J# {- F1 Y    Syncing disks.
/ q3 w) l; V/ j" D5 M; Z2 ]$ a3 u8 f    //格式化新分区

1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
    Filesystem label=
/ P) [+ ~8 s: \& O! o$ I( h; W    OS type: Linux
    Block size=1024 (log=0)
! A- Q. O1 B$ n+ s    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
    First data block=1
    62 block groups
1 x3 a! g' m: x2 c* T    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
$ K6 e) s+ k- R    2040 inodes per group
5 d  x% ~3 l0 [5 w    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
    Writing inode tables: done                           
* P0 F  G9 B  E+ x1 [" u    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
# m& c% C# p) ]0 b# E    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
  _! q1 H3 T( f1 k$ D    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
7 \3 z9 F4 @5 ^    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
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1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
+ N' I1 Y/ e7 B% d0 o    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
7 y9 ~6 Y( R, L. e. {2 h9 w+ ?    //挂上新分区

1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
   
2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
+ _0 }. F% @  D! m    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home

$ J: _. T% r8 n自动挂载：
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1.           vi /etc/fstab
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2. 
   
3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
   
4. 
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5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：
% m+ }6 A, I* ~6 Y

1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
   
2. 
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3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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