linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
% m" J' x3 k% T  ^      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
      ...
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1. df -k
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2. df -lh
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3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
7 N8 i# i- Y+ [, r) x. V    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用

1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
* [  k+ z& y% U( p3 m    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
9 o6 A. w, ?5 d# g8 O  w+ J, u    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
! p$ q$ \! j- J/ w& i    content won't be recoverable.
    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
0 [7 j1 ^& A# \" k- u5 g    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
- \. E, l" Z1 E. T       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
4 ^4 X4 Z; x1 p    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
    Command (m for help): p
0 B  t0 @. b( g3 l1 t' h: K+ h    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
* x% R( y8 s+ B/ J9 R% p    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    Command (m for help): m
    Command action
% @& W) b6 i7 X7 h5 f% C       a   toggle a bootable flag
       b   edit bsd disklabel
       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
& G: M& m3 v  m9 o8 U/ e       d   delete a partition
       l   list known partition types
       m   print this menu
       n   add a new partition
       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
- R8 t& x& I% D* q  W% A       p   print the partition table
       q   quit without saving changes
, E/ s& j' u" s0 D  o9 G       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
5 u6 w6 O7 W. i) ^       t   change a partition's system id
       u   change display/entry units
! Z% }( L5 U) N/ x- y       v   verify the partition table
       w   write table to disk and exit
       x   extra functionality (experts only)
9 Q1 l# U) n" T) y7 G, a. Y  o7 T    Command (m for help): n
, c9 [7 Q, H  }5 E    Command action
4 A8 r. H1 D& I+ Y" u       e   extended
# J/ E% d! p3 z- m9 |- |$ u       p   primary partition (1-4)
    p
, N4 s, a0 \8 S' C' l' A& S    Partition number (1-4): 1
    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
# T% j; V+ }9 }" g7 O& z    Using default value 1
    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
    Command (m for help): p
# G  L' k+ D% h" u& c. q    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
9 X; T, h: _: y5 p9 d    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
1 v6 V7 o- w, }9 \" _8 r$ L  f    Command (m for help): w
6 h7 k4 q+ Z7 D% F" _) O8 ~    The partition table has been altered!
    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
    Syncing disks.
) @# [0 A. t  H2 h  A' B9 p/ r, e    //格式化新分区

1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
; q& I0 W+ o' Y" C4 F    Filesystem label=
    OS type: Linux
    Block size=1024 (log=0)
, X! B7 G7 F" @' \7 H    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
: i. Q; Q8 y* e% V2 w( N# L    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
8 U; u& W( ~% p2 z. R  O# [# ^' _# _4 d    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
    First data block=1
( i1 u5 v) F; m5 ~3 V" T" n2 i% A; \    62 block groups
5 H6 p' E/ A2 S1 B( j    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
* f" N+ _6 M' j0 E" Z    2040 inodes per group
    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
5 b, `' Q/ b2 r  C- n* T/ V' `# n* C1 ?    Writing inode tables: done                           
    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
3 y, n- y* {# t! r7 l    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
- z" A% g1 Z4 b4 }    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
3 l4 o7 |' u: q' e    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    //挂上新分区
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1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
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2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home

9 l: ^- C+ T& g# a8 ^, O( X自动挂载：

1.           vi /etc/fstab
   
2. 
   
3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
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4. 
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5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：
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1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
   
2. 
   
3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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