linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
% ?; j2 P' b( U) X0 q- l  C      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
4 _  ^7 g& ~7 U      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
      ...

1. df -k
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2. df -lh
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3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
   

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
, k1 f" K& ]# d3 j& F9 X    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
9 d3 |; O9 j" C& M& ?& ]8 L) t    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
$ }( F9 _1 @  r( G! H& n    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用
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1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
) j/ B, D+ U3 L( C( J- P    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
1 [1 F& m! W! M1 o    content won't be recoverable.
    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
/ K) o* J0 ^3 b* J) w    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
1 P# M8 K- b2 g# [. q% n- Y    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
9 m; g- m$ N9 X% C+ Y4 U& V       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
7 X" R; }, d& h* Q: B/ y    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    Command (m for help): m
# k, a8 O, O9 ]; |, v7 }5 z" w4 ]    Command action
       a   toggle a bootable flag
       b   edit bsd disklabel
       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
       d   delete a partition
' K/ h2 }: \( @       l   list known partition types
& J# U8 Q. A0 q" C( M       m   print this menu
       n   add a new partition
3 t8 G9 }* W& W+ k5 w6 d+ R       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
       p   print the partition table
       q   quit without saving changes
2 @  Q% L* m3 x       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
% J8 M* b. j/ q       t   change a partition's system id
5 c( W9 m3 o" J, l' P, b9 t* a       u   change display/entry units
2 o/ f1 V6 @! V( Z* P& v       v   verify the partition table
       w   write table to disk and exit
8 j, X! P+ y3 d4 e/ a, u% L       x   extra functionality (experts only)
    Command (m for help): n
# N6 g$ y' K+ ]0 F    Command action
* y) `: V' h* l$ p& i) E       e   extended
       p   primary partition (1-4)
    p
# d& B+ A: g/ E4 j4 }; a' q' e    Partition number (1-4): 1
9 k! n5 H, @7 X* U4 _; S! m, v2 S; l    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
5 u/ H$ E' y# K' n8 S    Using default value 1
    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
    Command (m for help): p
* w% a" ]! }$ O; K2 r' o    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
: O4 z/ M# \* e8 T5 g; Z& R1 y/ `    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
    Command (m for help): w
+ b5 {( Q' H! b+ i* M    The partition table has been altered!
' ]+ \( y5 k/ _    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
- [) i+ u' \$ O# [: |    Syncing disks.
    //格式化新分区

1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
    Filesystem label=
! G+ u/ u0 [1 o) Q8 N* [    OS type: Linux
- Y: u6 {: s8 i    Block size=1024 (log=0)
    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
" w$ {* X9 U6 ~4 c    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
1 J3 O/ q( x+ N2 O    First data block=1
    62 block groups
    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
+ D! O4 S+ \& O0 ]9 n/ m2 i: v    2040 inodes per group
    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
    Writing inode tables: done                           
    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
! o+ ^3 |7 Q& N' P! o" {    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
* u; r1 F1 Z' h3 g% J+ q0 L# M    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
3 F# ~. L* j% c, m2 O- M1 q; I    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
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1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
4 b6 p2 }2 f/ n6 t& s    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    //挂上新分区
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1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
   ! w2 O+ m* ~  F; r. Z( \; k
2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
: o: M3 J; C8 W8 }1 M& @    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
: O6 u% C+ M9 F- u+ k# o7 B    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
- X9 X. H: ^4 D- x8 x0 Q6 ]: f9 v( I    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home
3 {3 }. Z3 }0 I; ]
自动挂载：
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1.           vi /etc/fstab
   
2. 
   # c' X# K  Q, b8 p. ]" w
3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
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4. 
   
5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：

1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
   
2. 
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3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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