linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
4 g; k  x( g7 x  k  t      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
3 `7 r, t  ]) X$ S- }- n- ^      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
; a# Z1 {4 V& j+ c+ x: `- a      ...
# s* p2 @4 a5 [9 A: h* e

1. df -k
   
2. df -lh
   
3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
   

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
9 V" r7 C' d6 c. [0 C: v5 r( p8 y    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
: H* ~. _" H1 I/ Q    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
4 F- _' x: A- M  i: D    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用

1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
2 l8 D) f5 N4 |* A    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
7 e) ^: Y: D4 C1 T7 d0 R    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
    content won't be recoverable.
    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
: _2 `* O' r! q2 b" v    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
: x4 V# a& c( H# I* J; l- V9 h    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
1 ?6 O" z6 E/ q9 j5 ~" z    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
* N9 |4 s  z' g( o5 v! J* v       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
/ T, n; a7 i, u  p. ?    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
    Command (m for help): p
+ Z) U0 Z4 d5 h+ @    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
! Z9 q+ Y4 d. n& c( C    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    Command (m for help): m
% e' {- P' @5 q0 O# ~6 P    Command action
       a   toggle a bootable flag
" R' |. o0 Q) L       b   edit bsd disklabel
       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
       d   delete a partition
- {  G' H8 Z" p1 `& @/ k       l   list known partition types
       m   print this menu
# h. x: t6 S9 \2 M; n$ J       n   add a new partition
       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
0 s9 g( O+ f1 f       p   print the partition table
& a* U5 |1 T6 g8 P& P6 W, c       q   quit without saving changes
. c6 p) l0 |; {. B       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
( h; n6 P! [+ }, p- L       t   change a partition's system id
$ b: a% f8 y3 ]       u   change display/entry units
4 g, f( r% f) G+ V' i. \1 n       v   verify the partition table
5 {+ v6 t. ?9 k       w   write table to disk and exit
9 k/ v3 X. U( d/ l/ q       x   extra functionality (experts only)
! ~+ H  L$ ?3 d0 W& U( z    Command (m for help): n
! ~/ s; J" ?/ |3 ~    Command action
) [1 @# V- s5 e. |& k# y' F" T       e   extended
: H+ g. z; Q. q0 f       p   primary partition (1-4)
) P' `/ D* v/ m) x! `% J. y! n& D    p
    Partition number (1-4): 1
    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
    Using default value 1
# c5 n5 Z* E1 Z* c. j# S$ R$ N    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
3 x/ x8 `4 H1 P3 E2 z6 ]    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
# D. J( Z1 j. e    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
& P# V3 K* w) e& ]+ R( N  j+ Z# I& ~    Command (m for help): w
    The partition table has been altered!
. R6 @! [7 o: P% \+ S3 h9 t    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
3 j  P  M3 c/ z, c+ w    Syncing disks.
8 R( V2 u# }- E    //格式化新分区

1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
    Filesystem label=
    OS type: Linux
    Block size=1024 (log=0)
4 V: Q/ @# N: @    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
  t* w, ]# Z! C% f    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
) R+ |1 D  j  T9 r: F% N    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
    First data block=1
    62 block groups
. F) q2 ]9 Y0 U+ E5 v    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
    2040 inodes per group
    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
+ a0 E3 x9 y% |. R3 ^, N            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
    Writing inode tables: done                           
- [: l7 s# m% x5 y) e5 o    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    //挂上新分区
# O" K- j1 a) d2 s; B, E

1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
   0 ?  K+ E/ g0 U0 [4 J
2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
9 P, o) L% u$ ~7 s$ p    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
3 e" Q3 X/ }* m( z! t$ b  X9 F. C    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
8 S0 O. @+ F* ^+ G( \& h    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home

自动挂载：
& l2 ^) r( {" h( O! w

1.           vi /etc/fstab
   7 w6 l" h0 j3 @9 n- a9 p: G0 q
2. 
   
3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
   
4. 
   . C% [  q% ?1 y' f. @+ V
5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：
' t$ G8 N+ P3 x: H

1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
   5 a# s5 Z9 F4 a
2. 
   
3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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