linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
5 u; a$ Z3 h  D/ t, n) }9 J8 D0 `      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
% E! j# p- n) l& J7 e9 V      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
5 p7 [' S  C- ~0 f      ...

1. df -k
   & z/ w9 M1 b1 L* j
2. df -lh
   
3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
   

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
4 q/ Q* h! x  r6 L6 i    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用

1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
% s, k/ R, g; _, s, I7 m    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
" C) y1 w. J* m) T  r% m4 b, }    content won't be recoverable.
, i% W5 D4 H+ e    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
. o$ g: ~% V+ f) ]3 E# p0 K    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
7 @5 Y; C6 n9 Y" a; W7 T. F4 m    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
- z. Z6 T; Z; _2 G  V       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
$ K  O, n# j+ v5 E    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
& W1 V9 L& }7 k4 W    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
$ {+ G7 D* u6 ^7 `1 f       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
4 g. p% H" \: L( H    Command (m for help): m
    Command action
% s# @& Q  `- L! O5 i       a   toggle a bootable flag
       b   edit bsd disklabel
) M# D; ^" q6 Q' U7 D       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
2 h' P5 V! @6 c$ r0 q. u       d   delete a partition
! `: B. M3 T2 ?* ]& E8 F! [       l   list known partition types
       m   print this menu
; x! @. F5 ~: |% L1 J7 g) y  n       n   add a new partition
# N- z) \# R* K  O" }       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
       p   print the partition table
       q   quit without saving changes
       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
$ W7 I9 h2 w) R; P0 ]       t   change a partition's system id
1 R3 ?) @6 f* k       u   change display/entry units
: q7 c; S- O0 B4 W* u3 V       v   verify the partition table
+ n, J* x' S( L+ ?       w   write table to disk and exit
' E  p- Z6 h1 ~9 ^% N# W       x   extra functionality (experts only)
    Command (m for help): n
    Command action
* C" h: ?: U& U! I       e   extended
       p   primary partition (1-4)
    p
    Partition number (1-4): 1
    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
    Using default value 1
    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
) E' B/ j# x% _: j7 ]( w    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
, t( u2 T5 E  N7 n6 {    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
    Command (m for help): w
    The partition table has been altered!
1 Y9 O+ u- y: k6 w    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
    Syncing disks.
    //格式化新分区

1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
* S& \: ~! _  a, n    Filesystem label=
- v3 Z; p$ s  p1 I5 @0 `    OS type: Linux
    Block size=1024 (log=0)
3 n% \& M: x8 S% f    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
    First data block=1
0 z/ T# d5 r3 [    62 block groups
    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
    2040 inodes per group
- E4 V" R% P$ y! B$ J' {    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
; L/ i7 @- R- c8 t% W            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
% x" d  `# l# a* \) b$ `: q    Writing inode tables: done                           
4 \/ u" S( Y. l: K' j2 J/ L8 U    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
0 k# E! k& M( R( i. ~+ y6 D5 c, J    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
, v+ z/ K/ g' {& w, j    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
( ~% V& j. N) c    //挂上新分区

1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
   # B  i% d- h( D
2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
( J( Y# f2 g: S" S( H- I% U6 |# t    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home

自动挂载：
% P; Q2 ~! ?; I2 _# k5 `

1.           vi /etc/fstab
   
2. 
   # u1 G$ v+ K) g( r' f! a' T
3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
   3 V0 k1 Q8 ?, V0 Z7 R5 A  g9 ?
4. 
   
5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：
9 \/ `9 y/ y9 e+ e, j

1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
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2. 
   ' I# l5 B  d9 g* S' G; G+ P
3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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, `6 q3 O1 C! |
$ t( {- ^' {* F! o! a' j2 _$ K
5 @7 d" y" `  ~& Y: e" A, N0 G' D