linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
- S; D/ I& s+ N9 k& a5 B      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
& [: t  O, O/ |3 a4 i$ m) o1 G      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
- N' s+ v6 n7 F8 C! x      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
* J& O# p! l$ }& j; k      ...
, y2 O& p+ A6 `7 D; x/ a

1. df -k
   
2. df -lh
   
3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
   

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
+ m4 z: O" m6 R    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
7 N: q" ?' P" k/ \  x5 b    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用

1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
4 X+ {  ?: ?! D: V* d    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
" F0 `  o8 i+ O6 |; \    content won't be recoverable.
: V* J( `9 M; r9 E" G    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
' a% V$ T5 h& g! G  ^    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
" a( E% g; |' S5 f; F    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
# m0 e8 B% S6 n1 ]; D' O- I* O    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
: Q, W; p% f9 K% ?1 E       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
. f) _" N1 s& e$ E' Y    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
, ?& b! M9 }( W2 g! C    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
  A- t: ^: e2 j" T  r6 B1 C! y4 i    Command (m for help): m
    Command action
       a   toggle a bootable flag
/ R2 V- o; [% {       b   edit bsd disklabel
, P% v6 R7 L, ]' X. D& i: y       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
. r) a2 g$ U0 M$ ]) d       d   delete a partition
$ o& Q7 Q5 K% {% B; _. B       l   list known partition types
       m   print this menu
       n   add a new partition
& \0 O# i, k/ m' [+ g8 ^( w$ c       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
       p   print the partition table
       q   quit without saving changes
       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
       t   change a partition's system id
       u   change display/entry units
' @% I2 u. d+ c! z       v   verify the partition table
; j# X' s( a/ x. \       w   write table to disk and exit
       x   extra functionality (experts only)
  F! x3 {5 p4 `* K$ M3 K! u    Command (m for help): n
    Command action
5 J0 D5 c; ^  B       e   extended
# E1 c! I' `- u2 V       p   primary partition (1-4)
    p
* _, ?5 N: B2 ?* a$ T% e$ `    Partition number (1-4): 1
    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
; P& l0 x* x% x    Using default value 1
4 d- @3 k& Z' x. o3 @    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
: g0 |5 s9 j0 d2 q0 ?    Command (m for help): p
0 ]- m2 g+ x7 b& J& P# H    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
6 d& k  U2 V8 k6 x    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
! Y. R) c% ~' G$ }% I    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
1 T6 r+ ], k7 M  V1 q3 ]8 R    Command (m for help): w
    The partition table has been altered!
0 d" E/ i, m6 C/ ^  H) ]9 P    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
0 c. O1 ?0 K' O( F    Syncing disks.
3 [0 N. d5 r; l    //格式化新分区

1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
    Filesystem label=
    OS type: Linux
    Block size=1024 (log=0)
    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
    First data block=1
    62 block groups
4 L) k5 }/ U/ Z( {    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
    2040 inodes per group
    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
/ j3 A$ N4 x" u8 M; m6 q            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
    Writing inode tables: done                           
1 D  x1 v7 ^4 W    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
5 d8 x, u- P" [' G, C: u. S    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
6 m( N6 u9 ]$ U. f- t6 P    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
  L8 e; G  m8 h2 z3 D" K    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
8 n/ L/ D* s9 u/ M& e: {    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    //挂上新分区

1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
   
2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
% B% T2 y3 i! }+ F; ~3 x: ?! j4 f9 e    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
" h% D- t$ b5 d    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
1 `+ m2 z# r7 I4 a& c# p  s  r    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home

自动挂载：
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1.           vi /etc/fstab
   
2. 
   
3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
   & D* w, E! S) }9 L7 f) X+ N
4. 
   
5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：
& s" J; i- `5 }" U

1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
   
2. 
   $ f( i" Z; B( Q. _! p9 x1 F2 l
3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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