linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
" l' ^& s8 o/ h( M      ...

1. df -k
   
2. df -lh
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3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
   

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
& g5 |/ o  a; ]" S7 S  t" n2 M6 W    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
" v9 h7 K3 Q3 }    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用
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1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
) L% L6 u3 r0 C8 e( _/ [- T    content won't be recoverable.
+ S2 H, a! E. V5 q. \/ z    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
2 v  \; F0 x# W' |2 S& `: C  G    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
7 t' k& _7 j% L) L7 _! z" b       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
9 [. P  g, }' i! c    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
0 i) S$ z, c) c; f5 x5 M    Command (m for help): p
: o9 v" `8 x) G5 o% Z    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
6 Y- j9 M' f5 k8 R    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
: z/ c% b5 r  g- \7 j; s4 f       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
, `$ G* E7 D& i4 _& y    Command (m for help): m
    Command action
! ^; f5 E  l; D1 G       a   toggle a bootable flag
       b   edit bsd disklabel
9 P" I: H6 X  \$ N$ @0 x; a       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
/ t. p- k8 N, _$ V- X9 |) n       d   delete a partition
       l   list known partition types
9 B) N3 t# W6 |, h5 c       m   print this menu
       n   add a new partition
: z; a5 P/ [4 Z4 ?# d* m       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
       p   print the partition table
, e, _: [6 m" D0 S5 ]* v5 g       q   quit without saving changes
       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
9 b& P2 h( s, a8 \) c& Y; k       t   change a partition's system id
       u   change display/entry units
$ i$ D5 b5 F0 n$ Q) |       v   verify the partition table
/ I, E2 i# r+ Q6 Z+ H       w   write table to disk and exit
       x   extra functionality (experts only)
9 Z% n/ e8 Y. \6 [    Command (m for help): n
) K; z! c# Z  H( R% V    Command action
       e   extended
7 Y7 _: A9 r$ r( i; h       p   primary partition (1-4)
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; ?" \. F  H8 s: F    Partition number (1-4): 1
( C% u5 ]1 a, h9 f( l' b0 t    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
7 Q) o$ T- f8 D1 q' X' A    Using default value 1
, L9 }( T+ [/ A" T+ L* r    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
    Command (m for help): w
    The partition table has been altered!
    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
' m, J6 Q  X( W3 ]! E2 [2 |    Syncing disks.
' P  G7 b$ z8 P, H. F$ @    //格式化新分区

1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
    Filesystem label=
    OS type: Linux
    Block size=1024 (log=0)
( ]6 G1 U; z, k% |/ _    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
/ ]( F  j5 J% G! @! w4 g    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
& B: N$ N: Y: p  h( j    First data block=1
* ~6 l& E8 b3 |3 G9 Z. ~( E5 X    62 block groups
    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
    2040 inodes per group
" M8 b6 x( w; A. P% @    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
0 x1 f2 K* p6 [4 h+ b& [    Writing inode tables: done                           
6 q. I6 ^; Y0 |) O7 `    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
+ ^6 s9 [; v0 R4 z    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
; k. g% A9 f& ]# B& n7 |    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
# |  k9 u  C6 x- v    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
2 N- T4 E  d# O1 Q* C4 w- _    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    //挂上新分区

1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
   
2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
9 q) K# x; b  b* Y& S; S/ `    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home
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* ~$ [! W9 l8 z" E& i自动挂载：

1.           vi /etc/fstab
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2. 
   
3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
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4. 
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5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：

1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
   
2. 
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3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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