linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
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1. df -k
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2. df -lh
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3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
   

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
6 X( f; D' j$ G- r% t8 a    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
8 w) Z- S* F5 {    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用
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1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
' p. A! I4 P5 {3 \    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
& H* h, j4 p# I- c# t0 t; Q# F' ?    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
) t; z9 D$ C. v0 D. o2 e    content won't be recoverable.
; k3 Q5 @) l, h8 e1 s    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
# s$ R- v. q/ {; U" P1 K    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
1 f+ ]9 D' `6 X7 M8 W    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
* M# R) j% w+ u+ ]    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
$ b5 {" x  S' W# q+ ]% i    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
- w* Q1 ^; |- {1 s9 e" w/ J6 v2 k+ J0 B    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
& @5 n" a8 F! n       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
2 ?4 l9 G- n5 e/ {% p; G% G    Command (m for help): m
    Command action
9 r# `- j5 \; b7 \6 |/ G       a   toggle a bootable flag
7 u2 e: F' g6 ~1 U8 ~       b   edit bsd disklabel
8 M# W) X4 Y; Z' X0 C0 ^       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
% o, q8 b) j- S! R2 w5 ]9 x       d   delete a partition
8 B" v# y4 H( }7 X' n1 F       l   list known partition types
7 f: g. U, {0 m       m   print this menu
       n   add a new partition
       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
0 ?* U, w6 L$ N1 k3 o5 j  E9 U       p   print the partition table
       q   quit without saving changes
       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
+ o* c# m3 l: X; I0 I$ i+ h       t   change a partition's system id
. e5 o# R: q3 K) e5 `6 @; m/ r4 C3 ~       u   change display/entry units
       v   verify the partition table
+ K( y0 T! p# Q- [/ O1 c9 s       w   write table to disk and exit
       x   extra functionality (experts only)
    Command (m for help): n
0 K( R/ H) I, q8 ?! ?+ W; s    Command action
+ E0 w, i  J3 C3 F$ l& N       e   extended
5 r: Z* U& P6 K/ Z' c8 M8 ?       p   primary partition (1-4)
+ y( D3 Q& @% |2 p2 k    p
' w" e1 b  ]9 s! v    Partition number (1-4): 1
    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
& x6 e4 J5 C1 i7 r% c  v" b    Using default value 1
    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
6 z5 Q. B2 `4 [; D% a+ b2 _; l    Command (m for help): p
0 i( ?, ?7 V. P% {# o  G1 n    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
& X2 C  m& w8 N, G) L+ o% P    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
: ^6 x7 y9 b  ~3 J       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
1 |7 B# {7 U% K* u    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
  C8 Q2 u9 [% A' [) P    Command (m for help): w
0 X2 G" w. C7 t    The partition table has been altered!
7 M' u6 I6 p) l3 w4 i# u& d    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
2 d# {7 i/ [, y" v    Syncing disks.
- c2 \1 g* O9 @# O" R& A* u    //格式化新分区

1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
    Filesystem label=
    OS type: Linux
    Block size=1024 (log=0)
    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
: y  j: {. d! [) l( A3 G- L    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
( ^) Y) N6 V- |2 w% i' g( H* x( P    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
* {6 }, J: C$ w1 M- o    First data block=1
) |! v+ n* L$ E0 `8 a( G    62 block groups
, h* T: S6 K, r2 |2 S5 Y    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
! j/ y8 v+ P2 \2 a7 f; i. N    2040 inodes per group
& z- n; ?2 ]2 W. e2 X2 X    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
    Writing inode tables: done                           
) B! j% P9 q3 P" B5 \$ A    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
, G# m. a3 K5 ]% j    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
; b9 ]' I( g8 m7 O    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
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1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
8 ~/ R1 [, x: F5 C8 u    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
% p; `  x* R+ |0 y5 r; @    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    //挂上新分区

1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
   
2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
) q3 X) T; o+ u2 B( R    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
' K! S! w  o7 G) \5 o) c. A    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
+ m+ |4 T( \/ }9 |- b6 K    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home

6 l* k# L. c" x自动挂载：

1.           vi /etc/fstab
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2. 
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3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
   
4. 
   
5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：
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1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
   
2. 
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3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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