linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
4 I2 i3 N3 x* F. \: l/ A      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
      ...

1. df -k
   
2. df -lh
   
3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
   1 ^. [- T* R& q& d8 ^  X

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用
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1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
# L( w5 `9 p1 L    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
) _8 C/ D! x1 {, E) S    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
    content won't be recoverable.
( ?5 S. ~; Z9 e7 H: l    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
" q8 m3 H  y1 h8 y" z; L3 z    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
' M: L1 z3 W+ @1 _    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
& I+ r1 [) Q: n! f       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
: k- r9 S& M# D2 A2 u5 R    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
* S4 f! y  v# c9 P1 Z% V    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
. e# M& Y' e( J4 b# o7 y    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
; u: G, y0 F" N" E2 N' A    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
) k; B9 q5 M- p; X$ i6 Y( ?       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    Command (m for help): m
    Command action
       a   toggle a bootable flag
( N! d5 }+ z6 B: v+ n* }0 J       b   edit bsd disklabel
       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
       d   delete a partition
       l   list known partition types
       m   print this menu
4 T- w8 |6 V4 B* b& K: P1 x5 _       n   add a new partition
2 g7 \$ b$ k: [8 k       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
* G, R6 u  m# p# W/ [# J8 E1 \       p   print the partition table
       q   quit without saving changes
% {3 o6 o7 u$ I- Z0 M" ?7 u- o       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
       t   change a partition's system id
) A/ V" A$ b+ ~% `' M( h- ^       u   change display/entry units
( k/ b8 ?; {6 C2 }) r4 N4 r% m5 ~       v   verify the partition table
' _6 z5 o2 p4 W; m       w   write table to disk and exit
       x   extra functionality (experts only)
    Command (m for help): n
    Command action
- H: O3 j! ]- C0 N/ D       e   extended
       p   primary partition (1-4)
    p
    Partition number (1-4): 1
- U" ^, Y/ @! o- ]; @    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
    Using default value 1
/ T: E! x& _- |' u- O    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
    Command (m for help): p
' |$ p) A( O9 D, \) x! c    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
9 J5 `/ y9 F2 F' r! m( m/ ~       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
1 x) ~5 C1 D; }; T3 {    Command (m for help): w
    The partition table has been altered!
    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
    Syncing disks.
    //格式化新分区

1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
& u5 ?! Z6 w4 O+ y( U: e$ Y    Filesystem label=
& V. o. t2 P: \' p5 L    OS type: Linux
4 w  k* C  h: r    Block size=1024 (log=0)
    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
* x" p% x5 g* _+ `6 C0 N+ R    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
" h: ^$ g+ e: X( \. K9 H+ C4 k    First data block=1
3 J) Y$ _7 r$ Y9 N    62 block groups
5 q- x, |" L5 d/ }% X& z  ?2 e    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
    2040 inodes per group
    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
9 O, [6 _; Y/ p- d3 d  n  ?$ {    Writing inode tables: done                           
    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
& P2 X. _7 X1 r8 A# D0 V" Q    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
, g- _/ K5 ?3 y# G- [0 ^    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
" B4 O3 \5 x3 j+ Y    //挂上新分区

1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
   
2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
) M  |1 n& k% Q$ s    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home
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自动挂载：

1.           vi /etc/fstab
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2. 
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3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
   
4. 
   3 v5 V* c- g2 r
5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：

1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
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2. 
   
3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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