linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
7 n8 t& s$ d  ?; ^1 d5 s      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
. H3 Y' i5 ~) N7 F* t* Z+ Z      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
' _. {0 a& K$ J# w9 j# Q      ...

1. df -k
   
2. df -lh
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3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
   

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
& M$ o" @$ k9 ?9 j5 S    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
! z1 m; J: [/ }7 i. O9 f- Q    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
2 u( F2 T0 S) e* H, R    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用
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1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
0 h  a) X7 V* [7 g4 E    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
2 m2 ^* t$ R1 R4 L! e  r7 Z    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
    content won't be recoverable.
    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
4 X' e4 i; i& {" g    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
# {4 h: U; ]' J$ A5 y; @4 z    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
% E" q+ c- R% l0 J1 _' v0 |    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
& \4 u: W9 R% G; |' b: f    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
+ @4 r/ {5 W! o, R' T5 m    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
    Command (m for help): p
) {4 ?, A* q' w3 {4 I    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
) |" }( e0 q- T    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
* s6 Y2 m% E3 u8 |( v9 e    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    Command (m for help): m
2 q: Y( v& ]& V* X- u( y* k0 B    Command action
       a   toggle a bootable flag
       b   edit bsd disklabel
       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
       d   delete a partition
- e. X: l1 R% \; s9 a0 Z! V/ i       l   list known partition types
* i" z) {& Y6 A& h( H4 H- k       m   print this menu
       n   add a new partition
' C; h( z5 t8 k       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
       p   print the partition table
       q   quit without saving changes
       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
. o% i5 k9 I0 T( v- l# }1 s       t   change a partition's system id
       u   change display/entry units
7 b. |; ~8 P: {2 X! \$ E       v   verify the partition table
( C0 [0 b, F" s8 H4 G       w   write table to disk and exit
       x   extra functionality (experts only)
; B' @& l2 o/ a/ {% I    Command (m for help): n
    Command action
       e   extended
4 Z9 U2 |2 ]0 `. a  ?. _6 M       p   primary partition (1-4)
% ~2 I5 _* b. v% |    p
2 S+ D) v7 H1 d1 f    Partition number (1-4): 1
    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
    Using default value 1
    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
5 l! c6 a% w- V* D3 R    Command (m for help): p
, o4 u# U( W9 L    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
1 `: x0 A  F: |  C    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
4 n% g8 Q! O( K# B& d) n- s    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
' M& k, N5 T* {' ]* \5 D9 A2 X9 v       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
0 S5 Y! t3 Z% r0 z/ r  I    Command (m for help): w
    The partition table has been altered!
    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
6 q% D3 j0 ~9 n! C7 K3 G    Syncing disks.
    //格式化新分区

1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
    Filesystem label=
0 @$ f) S* U" T    OS type: Linux
! j1 U4 k5 @) G- g    Block size=1024 (log=0)
    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
    First data block=1
: H& U1 T2 [* F5 K# T6 ?. E0 C    62 block groups
    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
' x. P6 _7 G, x( i  R* k( F    2040 inodes per group
    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
- @, X4 O3 V1 Z+ c. b    Writing inode tables: done                           
% @+ ~; Q& n$ ~* h, u1 m    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
5 L7 v; o* ?, v    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
' h+ [6 O9 q2 e/ r: [    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
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1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
2 ]( B- z1 R4 Q  k5 H' Z9 ^    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
5 H9 ?7 b5 T+ x' T( j9 ?& ?% y) }    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    //挂上新分区
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1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
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2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home

9 R% ?& L. j$ {, |* \9 t6 N. k自动挂载：

1.           vi /etc/fstab
   
2. 
   
3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
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4. 
   
5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：
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1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
   # p3 k, G; r5 V( a0 i, n
2. 
   
3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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