linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
4 _) U5 _) \5 i  G  O4 l! @      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
0 X5 Y( @. E! t2 n7 _      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
9 }3 U% h0 C$ ^: Y: I+ g0 i0 e, T      ...
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1. df -k
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2. df -lh
   
3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
   

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
+ T0 ]: C: B8 M6 R$ K    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
7 Y  \2 [# C  }; ?$ y8 y    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
% u$ y1 P' n/ w1 n4 {    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用
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1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
7 u6 _6 t9 i9 k! j  v    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
6 _1 J" a' Y* y& P8 V5 P    content won't be recoverable.
    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
' b1 i$ O6 b1 D7 N; c8 r    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
  ?) _  d* E9 u: x1 y6 Q3 e    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
* i$ C4 G# n7 ]8 X7 I& V    Command (m for help): m
    Command action
       a   toggle a bootable flag
       b   edit bsd disklabel
       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
       d   delete a partition
       l   list known partition types
0 ]1 M7 U& y0 m+ J* k0 p0 u* h       m   print this menu
       n   add a new partition
( N2 h3 i; z! e2 l       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
       p   print the partition table
       q   quit without saving changes
% i- o' B6 c9 R! q- ~3 \       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
       t   change a partition's system id
9 p2 {" Z9 D/ p3 O, e       u   change display/entry units
       v   verify the partition table
       w   write table to disk and exit
" q% }9 O+ ^$ K; h, K# F1 q       x   extra functionality (experts only)
* G: M! f& n4 T$ K; u    Command (m for help): n
    Command action
7 y$ S7 u( B# w' |       e   extended
       p   primary partition (1-4)
2 W" o6 I9 n& y; ^% w+ `, J$ G    p
    Partition number (1-4): 1
9 x! n" z  C! |" ~    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
) X9 z: X" C" Y0 v/ o    Using default value 1
6 L! d" j5 S9 J, N8 p* X$ G' G; B    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
    Command (m for help): p
" J. J: g  i  V* {0 [* P' w$ q    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
# o6 X4 v, Z- r- w    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
: e* {6 N& W6 [3 }1 ^+ y       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
: G6 L6 w7 |; o) O    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
2 T7 \! B0 {$ c+ K) h    Command (m for help): w
    The partition table has been altered!
7 u9 t" |0 j5 V$ b% z    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
    Syncing disks.
! U0 y  \) r# V8 O; i2 q    //格式化新分区

1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
% V- A" r# M1 U    Filesystem label=
    OS type: Linux
    Block size=1024 (log=0)
    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
3 |# n9 n  ]$ N7 g# v( b! I% d    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
# o& M& N6 ?: r6 b! W    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
    First data block=1
$ p. y; b- H6 V7 R    62 block groups
    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
    2040 inodes per group
    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
" R+ d4 g: y8 j            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
    Writing inode tables: done                           
0 A0 T# x' r& M& I/ W  T7 p  ?, g    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
5 i. {6 k  T" ]4 |% S8 D9 R: Y    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
& {  _2 F8 a2 N) d1 p, t2 j    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
' A5 w& @/ D! h) i4 Z$ A+ S' a/ p    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
8 ?' S  p: T2 @# s7 v    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    //挂上新分区
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1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
   3 y2 U% m; l$ h; p
2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
! v$ ?, U0 a* [    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
7 {" k2 k% _! n- b0 G$ e" ?    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
. w3 t0 K$ x8 W: K# k  C    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home

自动挂载：
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1.           vi /etc/fstab
   % z! s% J; j2 d; F/ C' }
2. 
   
3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
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4. 
   
5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：
$ t3 e* B% S: ~  B+ I( N% c; |

1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
   
2. 
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3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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