linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
; k1 v1 v, {/ [      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
& o0 q5 Q3 _/ G9 O      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
7 q! @4 ?% @1 S/ d8 `/ s      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
      ...
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1. df -k
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2. df -lh
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3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
5 k, G; E" @7 N8 v  A3 ]    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
: h' O9 p. J+ `' M. b! q. z$ _    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
9 O$ F1 ]' L$ m! E/ U7 I( t5 F    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
. @% t, E& i* E2 N    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用
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1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
    content won't be recoverable.
: \. J, V' Y% a) i    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
6 M$ |* V, P* V- ^. a- g8 d0 ]    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
6 [# Z" q+ V$ p% W% B% `5 j    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
0 O; V! m# H* s! \3 ?: g9 w       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
' t) w9 K1 v& }    Command (m for help): p
) u6 N# y. V/ j* V    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
9 w$ Y/ l" N4 c+ Z    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
% o/ ]& v* \* r9 D! `! e9 L: b* m% I    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
% c# W* c# l- L, E3 S# u8 n       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    Command (m for help): m
    Command action
       a   toggle a bootable flag
       b   edit bsd disklabel
* t7 }. q" K) o. q" k4 [7 X       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
       d   delete a partition
       l   list known partition types
( T8 x! A3 m' J7 ~, k$ I0 I       m   print this menu
: L5 I4 @) ?0 N: G: T& Q' G       n   add a new partition
       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
       p   print the partition table
       q   quit without saving changes
       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
. R$ x1 v+ q0 n& |* z6 f       t   change a partition's system id
       u   change display/entry units
$ p; C' p- ?* U       v   verify the partition table
       w   write table to disk and exit
* z  ~) O7 \* S7 l8 _9 \. D       x   extra functionality (experts only)
    Command (m for help): n
& _/ X3 o9 X0 Q- U; i" d1 r    Command action
7 f( E1 {% C$ k+ g) h       e   extended
# T; V* [& ]/ `. s/ X: m4 e       p   primary partition (1-4)
    p
    Partition number (1-4): 1
    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
    Using default value 1
( [- K$ O8 h/ L8 z0 Y: v8 p    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
    Command (m for help): p
8 [. L: x3 b! D) S8 T    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
, N3 x  j1 S/ E       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
    Command (m for help): w
    The partition table has been altered!
    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
! i+ |9 r6 ~& W4 q' U  B    Syncing disks.
& X# M5 I0 B1 I7 _6 x3 M- ^, S9 l, p    //格式化新分区

1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
    Filesystem label=
/ j& D( j. _, Y0 ]5 n7 R4 Z3 _7 p' c    OS type: Linux
    Block size=1024 (log=0)
    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
/ i4 p9 j" {1 W) A/ l3 ?    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
1 J+ z' H% s0 p% h4 l) ^' [$ |! Y    First data block=1
    62 block groups
    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
    2040 inodes per group
    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
, q) @4 i# C% G, Z4 g# J            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
    Writing inode tables: done                           
    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
% w3 c2 e1 k& k; S; Y! O    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
6 _" e4 B* w1 k( h" o, `3 S    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    //挂上新分区
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1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
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2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
/ C# j3 L) Z6 B& W, j    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
/ G6 i" |0 b& N0 g; }- X    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home
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% ~$ a! I$ N' O自动挂载：

1.           vi /etc/fstab
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2. 
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3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
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4. 
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5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：

1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
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2. 
   
3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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