linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
" L8 X$ S4 ~2 J0 t# C      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
* e$ X2 X3 E3 q9 C9 Y& \      ...

1. df -k
   
2. df -lh
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3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
   

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
5 h3 |. l8 S$ q    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用

1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
1 P4 a' d7 |2 V7 Y' Z    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
7 W2 Z* f3 t: H) y5 l/ F% h    content won't be recoverable.
    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
0 F$ T, }+ I9 C5 H' J1 i9 G2 P6 X    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
& D! d: ?0 \3 C/ E* H3 T    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
" p! h" p& }7 }' f; B: d8 ?9 S    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
7 v& p. e5 f6 ]    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
! A. \/ V8 m9 b* ^) l: G       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
    Command (m for help): p
) S8 ^( ~2 O8 n; v5 z/ @& T% E    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
+ s6 D8 Z- H! }2 k8 M. T2 e/ ?    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
5 D, w4 ?8 j: T+ t    Command (m for help): m
    Command action
2 D; M/ N& ?8 }. m1 ^* w# V3 g       a   toggle a bootable flag
       b   edit bsd disklabel
* U6 n. J! m% j8 M- d       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
5 P6 H' J  W1 w9 v$ L. C       d   delete a partition
       l   list known partition types
) [, n' l2 `, E5 e       m   print this menu
( ]5 ]  n3 g& U5 I) o3 |       n   add a new partition
       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
: E# r2 e+ y5 l' E$ c( P       p   print the partition table
       q   quit without saving changes
& E/ u0 I; b, ?: |: e' F5 I& _       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
       t   change a partition's system id
       u   change display/entry units
  u( _" B  _2 S1 G6 k7 Z       v   verify the partition table
       w   write table to disk and exit
       x   extra functionality (experts only)
1 d+ g" }: R2 D! R0 F! j    Command (m for help): n
4 M  Z3 K/ c9 y% X6 q# p& ]5 {! \    Command action
( z  i1 W3 S; x1 `* a6 z       e   extended
       p   primary partition (1-4)
    p
2 {% O$ M" H" S1 P7 j5 ~    Partition number (1-4): 1
    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
  W& u  R0 k5 @8 ^- A0 c: a    Using default value 1
    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
/ h& I. m6 P) N6 d2 ]    Command (m for help): p
" N& _5 J5 k6 x- E$ w# n    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
0 ^4 E& a1 r; F; c: n) i% E' k3 C    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
. i6 C+ ]  {' g% q! e! X6 g$ u       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
    Command (m for help): w
    The partition table has been altered!
" G1 F- |+ Z  r/ w5 `    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
    Syncing disks.
7 x$ {1 x8 f% S. s- t% P1 j    //格式化新分区

1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
; r' _* X- ?+ q- J* a8 [    Filesystem label=
- j6 G0 y1 i8 g( O3 N) ~3 A    OS type: Linux
    Block size=1024 (log=0)
    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
$ I6 V. k& Z  o5 {    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
. H0 W2 P$ {* k8 L5 J) i9 l    First data block=1
. j0 n+ ~1 m$ z! |    62 block groups
    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
    2040 inodes per group
7 i" b1 K: {5 D1 Z3 M    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
8 E3 ]- E. f' b) X' K$ \    Writing inode tables: done                           
    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
! G+ c; N: A- b* d! ^; p9 f8 N5 K    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
. R" K5 `* M) a' o' ], }/ w8 C    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
, W% }0 \0 \# T3 p4 Q" E* z    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
) ]5 O& S: q3 l4 g4 k6 E* m    //挂上新分区
9 {4 N+ J/ b/ K

1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
   
2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
8 s: z; [) _8 R    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
4 S$ b3 ?9 @+ }; a. {    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
1 j- D/ ?% z. L/ W    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home
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自动挂载：
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1.           vi /etc/fstab
   
2. 
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3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
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4. 
   
5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：

1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
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2. 
   
3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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