linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
# `- M, m7 k* M) Z9 U7 C" W      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
: \& P* F2 n9 v/ v$ o0 J! |7 I4 m      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
  x' E- z% h5 w      ...
# Y4 |5 `) N1 @/ |) V

1. df -k
   
2. df -lh
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3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
   

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
  H" R1 ~8 X" A    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
+ a8 E0 M1 H  d4 [    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
& j/ n! Z9 L2 |1 l    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
0 i5 d$ D- L+ f1 j  y6 I    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用
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1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
9 J+ t( a  G1 s$ T+ V    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
. e  n' R, M/ Z' i8 N    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
    content won't be recoverable.
/ u5 f, m  Z9 M9 a5 ^6 v    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
1 @* c) Y0 ~- A7 R, T    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
: h2 n' O# {1 a& u- W    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
5 p% y! ?4 m' _3 _+ L    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
    Command (m for help): p
& v# M- R' E+ m    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
; G" \. v, z  f       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
. N  q- H$ L8 k: e! N1 n( f' K    Command (m for help): m
' N" O5 B# q, c    Command action
       a   toggle a bootable flag
       b   edit bsd disklabel
       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
0 E" U5 j( G7 v# w7 A! z1 |       d   delete a partition
( l* J& h2 b/ j% H5 S  N( c1 c  y" c" ^       l   list known partition types
       m   print this menu
       n   add a new partition
       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
       p   print the partition table
       q   quit without saving changes
       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
       t   change a partition's system id
       u   change display/entry units
+ `1 C( |4 F) A- b7 z, |       v   verify the partition table
" y( n2 }& R- y       w   write table to disk and exit
) `# \  o" I" O# }       x   extra functionality (experts only)
    Command (m for help): n
    Command action
       e   extended
2 p3 l/ {8 A& @       p   primary partition (1-4)
1 j: S4 A% y' H    p
    Partition number (1-4): 1
$ w" O. ^* a+ s    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
    Using default value 1
    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
6 ^7 I' W$ e* T& C8 M2 F    Command (m for help): p
$ ~( U* {9 A: V    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
1 X* ?: W) P$ }! g2 `+ N       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
    Command (m for help): w
1 z; z4 i0 {7 P" G2 b* t9 `    The partition table has been altered!
    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
; c0 O9 i6 X  w  e9 J1 X    Syncing disks.
+ d4 }+ ^/ Q$ R: c- u+ C! D    //格式化新分区

1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
    Filesystem label=
9 U( e4 ^# y( S7 o: B8 X" u+ `, B    OS type: Linux
  l. C  U+ x; q3 f- j9 T    Block size=1024 (log=0)
( E# R  @: K# n# p4 T    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
. }' C9 N, T3 F9 K  Y8 b  r    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
    First data block=1
0 t4 g3 {  A# M) G* L, m' v    62 block groups
    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
) V5 F; ?& P- Q9 H    2040 inodes per group
    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
    Writing inode tables: done                           
8 Z- ]: Z- W3 ?4 a    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
/ I# h* n8 c9 [( @! B. L    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
" D) Y: J/ c& N6 a0 K3 D6 j    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
  M6 N( Q5 ?- r

1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
) f6 V# x' Q# h: L% z" y    //挂上新分区
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1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
   
2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
8 A  H! ?! P2 z, u3 w, w2 k    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
' [7 B1 j5 V/ T4 ^: U& p7 T    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
5 f% n+ I* Q% p9 b2 O$ `) X    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
% B% ]* x9 `  |% d4 M+ R' e4 b    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home

自动挂载：
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1.           vi /etc/fstab
   
2. 
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3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
   
4. 
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5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：
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1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
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2. 
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3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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$ P7 C7 Z# |+ k1 M" y5 Y5 [7 n