linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
6 q+ z" P, S$ m+ T      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
- P+ o. W% \% X) E4 e      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
/ ^  R0 Q0 ?# S. u5 k& G& Z      ...

1. df -k
   
2. df -lh
   
3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
- e5 C& E( c9 K( V    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
: L6 V2 z+ i7 k3 d) q8 ^5 A    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
$ \* L" e9 n$ l7 o" O! b  X    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用

1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
+ c: k) C7 O3 a9 Q    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
2 p( {+ ]; T# N% L; h    content won't be recoverable.
    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
; c' I) F7 n' ~  V# M$ ^    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
( y; G: h0 c, a1 d, {$ H: a1 k2 q    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
- y- }' s/ N/ J" e    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
& n6 c$ X% a5 T  s! f' i0 E: V5 h    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
2 v( @/ ~6 w. ?. [# U, h. V% b    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
* e- C& r: u, {2 N% X+ X8 x& j! \    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
6 R! c5 L, c% z, ?    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
1 v3 N) y# K0 k+ N       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
* c/ x9 T1 ]4 ^! M    Command (m for help): m
! F3 g# f- |) l    Command action
9 ?5 B- K$ p/ n6 T5 h       a   toggle a bootable flag
       b   edit bsd disklabel
       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
) T/ Z6 B( E" P" t! O* R       d   delete a partition
       l   list known partition types
8 j. q8 C% e2 ?  E% [       m   print this menu
" _4 q1 W! j2 Q* X2 H6 T       n   add a new partition
       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
       p   print the partition table
8 x* Y" ?, h" w3 l6 b) ^/ n       q   quit without saving changes
: o$ O. ?2 U2 w$ s       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
1 C# C6 y/ m6 G0 ^       t   change a partition's system id
7 @9 X! U) [# n( e       u   change display/entry units
) |$ ^  j$ q% G: n       v   verify the partition table
. j6 r2 B# G$ l  k       w   write table to disk and exit
       x   extra functionality (experts only)
    Command (m for help): n
    Command action
       e   extended
, C$ F; N. o) a' P       p   primary partition (1-4)
    p
& ]0 L/ W/ v' M$ |2 `    Partition number (1-4): 1
    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
" S0 W4 V9 w9 \9 Q9 E! M    Using default value 1
* E$ D* h0 P8 T    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
2 H% p, e  v% e# v+ `    Command (m for help): p
) H' u( f# j3 z$ E6 U) K# l    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
7 Y0 N  R8 }+ |/ F! w    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
/ Y0 q$ K% W) d: k% F2 \3 A    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
, a4 n, u( r9 n  B* N; c    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
0 \0 G; X* F& M  W7 x' U% [    Command (m for help): w
    The partition table has been altered!
    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
    Syncing disks.
    //格式化新分区

1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
1 t9 u7 o  n1 Y0 _    Filesystem label=
    OS type: Linux
    Block size=1024 (log=0)
' t7 O, p! a6 S& k) {; ~8 {    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
    First data block=1
    62 block groups
# z* X6 s9 U- }- U! N) c5 l    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
# d, n+ B4 `8 o0 d% b" o    2040 inodes per group
    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
3 z8 w+ m6 c5 K& |6 i& R/ Y- e$ c            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
    Writing inode tables: done                           
8 A! V/ B0 H; U4 j- w3 E) Z    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
! |$ C% y9 h+ T1 e4 m! ]+ Y0 t    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
' G* f% Q+ G+ H+ f  a  y5 }. ^

1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
( t; ~) l% Z9 o- d$ A1 \9 g  S    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
0 B8 a$ U! A  D1 J3 L5 g    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    //挂上新分区

1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
   
2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home
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" R/ n1 s4 T4 z* S& F自动挂载：

1.           vi /etc/fstab
   5 }" o8 [9 W; E0 t% q; Z5 d: ?
2. 
   
3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
   
4. 
   ! l8 d3 T4 T" n- z
5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：
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1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
   
2. 
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3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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