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[经验] linux下添加新硬盘方法

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发表于 2014-2-9 19:20:26 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  1. fdisk
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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk); @, p2 g0 N6 O  o; ~) B
      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
4 C7 q; v7 y8 |) f! r" ~0 x; T& W; F5 S      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
. W4 r2 F2 v+ P      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
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  1. df -k) w% g8 X. S9 K
  2. df -lh
    $ T* s5 z( W; B! w9 `* d
  3. 查看有几块硬盘:fdisk -l
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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点  I/ U7 k4 Z& k, w4 G/ }  P; B  U
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
* s: w; O( P- U1 S4 L  K    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
  O6 o  I* T$ F; O" B0 `    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm0 c, H" F: o# v) O3 m2 q
    对新硬盘分区,4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用
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  1. fdisk /dev/hda
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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
# m2 ~9 C4 z, f; j5 [    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,, \+ ?# H$ ?+ o
    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous" K  O0 K% V8 V; J* _& ]
    content won't be recoverable.( t: P" A# C; |  B
    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
6 J9 V5 p: z# K; V3 \    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
$ `4 ~' m( E/ `    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
, l/ o* }+ ^; C, T6 y* f: c, a: [    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO): c2 \' \, a& `( T5 q$ k" l
    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
$ C( x6 e4 e6 S* z7 \, ?       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK); h  L& p8 t3 a. N' e, J. O5 b
    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
4 {6 @  g" R) h, [- ~    Command (m for help): p
& _7 R$ T* d, b# B+ h    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes2 I0 T; l9 z% L8 ]6 X
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
5 ]) W% s5 i  @& L3 o  @# \    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
* o6 r4 f% g  u! x  u) ]       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System3 z* l. o6 [4 m8 |  x* E
    Command (m for help): m' h! W+ ], K" y( Y. n/ I
    Command action0 o1 k, r  V+ f# K1 ^
       a   toggle a bootable flag
3 L' n& x: A) t4 x- ~# K9 M       b   edit bsd disklabel6 \5 a' Z( }5 c- L$ n
       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag- A! F9 Z, @; y. {
       d   delete a partition6 }3 s' u+ x- c# B7 N8 V- T/ c
       l   list known partition types
+ P8 e* R* {) ]       m   print this menu
- T3 @, L$ l0 T$ t# X       n   add a new partition
$ X: h! U, a3 J" X       o   create a new empty DOS partition table9 ]# q% H' W8 i! G6 ~8 A# e
       p   print the partition table
+ F5 p2 v& K& q" r8 p, W" C5 T       q   quit without saving changes
' q- ^+ T5 y9 M5 c+ n       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
; t4 v9 y- q, [: C0 i       t   change a partition's system id
, f4 @* d. K% o# T7 z0 a3 N       u   change display/entry units
' ]: g- c# i* ^5 K       v   verify the partition table
* B4 m1 h. S. |% H2 s5 p3 G       w   write table to disk and exit
7 d0 l1 o2 M; b$ N       x   extra functionality (experts only)
! L% D8 K1 n( W; E: L    Command (m for help): n+ B# s5 q: s, k) s& }! H: F3 ~
    Command action
$ m# y; I* ]& C  S. [       e   extended
. B! T0 W, p+ f$ G: h! v       p   primary partition (1-4). f, P% G6 u* B7 i
    p& g4 b0 O& w9 }. k
    Partition number (1-4): 1
8 D6 q$ P" H) ^2 s! L  q2 `    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
( \. y; g8 @/ I/ Q: x" x    Using default value 12 T/ b  J0 E  T% `: w; ?$ {
    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G3 ~& p$ \9 |( ^9 {' F( _
    Command (m for help): p" A8 E. t$ \1 ?- `$ T
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes  m( n) ^, ^! p8 V, X( u
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
7 U; t) u# Q: }' H7 o& g6 I    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes; k' P5 @! u8 J# ?8 \/ j
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System* [; f  W: }4 ~9 g
    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux# E6 Y/ f9 u- Z  P# c  X, r
    Command (m for help): w& m: w0 Z  T8 c- d
    The partition table has been altered!9 m* Q% |8 U- i/ S# c( i1 q
    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.1 n! \9 f/ E) Z2 g% B3 Q9 j0 N
    Syncing disks.
& G* f% t; W, T! `; y    //格式化新分区
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  1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1
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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)& h( U7 l( S, `; q- b/ m
    Filesystem label=+ h: e* b/ p3 e+ y8 T3 f' E
    OS type: Linux
# A4 y! k& q% U- h" B. z    Block size=1024 (log=0)
+ O; H. `1 T0 X- e+ m# i; ?    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
1 u, R$ r0 t) y; D* ]% D    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks& b- G. y) f; u5 h+ L5 l
    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user; T4 Q" V1 h' f$ |5 |
    First data block=16 O& _& y( x+ A! y4 K0 q) H- r; l( I
    62 block groups! j5 }1 P, \3 I; J9 c2 J  I; B
    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group# C7 z; b7 |: m& f, t. K# q5 [2 N
    2040 inodes per group
5 W6 H9 P+ C, y, M    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
% g$ v. H( m7 R* }# K: ]            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409; y" G" O9 L4 ^  a/ ]
    Writing inode tables: done                           
- M( ~1 g: J9 m. [; b    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
) V3 ~* S& I; ?! L& E0 P    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done9 r7 b. c4 H, h4 @
    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
) h; i: c2 ]& r" b0 i+ |. Q    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
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  1. df -k
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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点8 g- [& a5 t, j& ]: n
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /9 ~# e2 W1 S) a/ v& x
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
/ C. p" K2 N4 ^3 ^6 X    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
2 Z& |' B, T) c2 i+ L5 _    //挂上新分区
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  1. mount /dev/hda1 /home0 E. [9 d0 ?0 X1 j4 }- Q4 k5 a
  2. df -k
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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
) \+ ~3 m: i4 [: @, d2 u    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /9 N1 l% H! s4 X9 F9 j& E: \
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
" Q  [! E% n: u0 l$ X6 K, J    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm3 |" d/ m+ u) q7 Q
    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home7 z3 S3 B7 q( P' c2 {" j+ B

0 N! Z# a9 R( Q( O5 [自动挂载:$ i& v* H9 `# }- g
  1.           vi /etc/fstab& M* d, \, }, u: R  L

  2. 0 N6 L/ C; R, {3 }
  3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
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  4. + ^9 S+ o) f! t1 I( g
  5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0
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手动挂载:
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  1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1' k  l6 g& K/ l4 v  M2 N
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  3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2
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