linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
$ V4 G% |3 S5 L2 x  l      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
      ...

1. df -k
   
2. df -lh
   
3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
   

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
7 A1 w/ L3 j0 a: B5 G8 Q% J    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
) ~, }9 v2 j1 A! n: X2 _    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用

1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
# K" k! ~9 ^$ I  o9 S8 S5 X/ ]    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
    content won't be recoverable.
    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
! P7 g- X0 N: F- n$ j$ Y3 u: N    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
! l4 m. R6 U" {/ y- N0 z    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
, ]1 N4 k, L$ ^% n    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
/ \1 Z) W4 Q. R6 D- L- `) ^    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
0 g$ n3 Z; S8 e+ j  Z3 I" {8 H    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    Command (m for help): m
    Command action
# c* a3 V; G/ y1 w2 }       a   toggle a bootable flag
6 Q& Y/ z3 n3 ~, ~6 [* r+ J5 O       b   edit bsd disklabel
       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
       d   delete a partition
4 y, A, M& G( H+ N       l   list known partition types
$ o0 N# I2 P( I0 a       m   print this menu
; X6 f- c" i8 i( h( Y       n   add a new partition
       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
8 R# v* S6 M, L$ u/ _3 x8 C$ `       p   print the partition table
       q   quit without saving changes
       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
; x+ }% w5 e1 W" m       t   change a partition's system id
       u   change display/entry units
# @5 W( l% \" f; J! Z5 D  J+ z9 m       v   verify the partition table
  P; R" _# C2 A/ M* C  C8 @       w   write table to disk and exit
. g7 q/ v5 D" V. l9 c/ \% r       x   extra functionality (experts only)
" L* U& j" {% T" N" C    Command (m for help): n
    Command action
1 o- Y+ ^) l: b; G4 U7 d       e   extended
3 d8 K+ c8 `# w       p   primary partition (1-4)
    p
7 B: d% ?+ |/ Q- l8 t  i    Partition number (1-4): 1
    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
% v. r4 U! M& `1 }0 K, ?0 c2 W9 ^$ N    Using default value 1
/ ]& V7 t+ [0 h# W2 y    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
    Command (m for help): p
  _- r- U' f1 Y; i5 ^: {    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
) g6 T' [. X9 A/ @0 d    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
8 J  L4 O# Q5 C       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
    Command (m for help): w
* e! x9 C5 Z3 J7 _    The partition table has been altered!
# y8 b! [, S1 ^! e1 J3 z6 {7 A    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
$ \) `& W$ X' m& q: u- T# c    Syncing disks.
7 e( H, x" u6 K4 ]    //格式化新分区
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1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
0 A# ]) W7 t4 V1 D    Filesystem label=
    OS type: Linux
+ L7 D, ~* [$ h9 T; A    Block size=1024 (log=0)
    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
, B! t/ X% y! `! E$ C( c- b: r    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
    First data block=1
1 ?4 x! r8 A# ~/ n9 n# e; G+ C    62 block groups
' E* v2 J+ X* V+ r    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
7 G: g  x+ P" |+ P6 b- p    2040 inodes per group
    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
    Writing inode tables: done                           
    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
* u0 x3 Y' J( v9 l8 d# b    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
/ C4 T1 D0 ~/ m4 v6 F7 U

1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
; }9 b) l' F) j( S! x  A. {    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
: e  Y- }; i$ m, e5 Y! ~3 T    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
, f- y! x4 s% O; J. o    //挂上新分区
0 D1 A# c3 r+ i; o2 p+ Q

1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
   
2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
) w. q% E# T& B5 K  I) b    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
& V, W: Q# E# M1 }% o- N) y    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
, d: q/ d( ?4 M: a& _    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home
% e* a! Y' h4 R8 N% X9 X0 W
自动挂载：

1.           vi /etc/fstab
   9 Y2 g* ^( Y' Y% {
2. 
   
3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
   8 B- S: \: F2 M* Y
4. 
   - E7 Z0 a7 f) @0 v
5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：
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1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
   
2. 
   , ]% o/ @- k' h! O( g0 ]+ e" {* }
3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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