linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
* `) V- p- K  I5 l6 i% P  M      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
      ...
7 K, K: K$ y5 E; O/ R

1. df -k
   
2. df -lh
   5 j! |7 z/ ]; }  P; }
3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
   

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
, x' l5 f9 r7 ]/ e6 s    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
+ X* s5 r2 O6 V) {    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用
% q' j3 |# x! d3 u  M: m& y

1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
% @) _' J* \* d% o# j" s    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
8 `* f3 k' {( {% g' P    content won't be recoverable.
    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
; E1 a4 n, z$ z    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
2 o7 x3 [5 j/ A! V    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
- q9 o2 s" o- M/ X' W7 g- N    Command (m for help): p
4 `- @. ]' g7 m, B, T/ X    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
" |" }5 q& O' A    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
+ |( n/ a) j- @  }    Command (m for help): m
    Command action
% k' s' t4 r0 i% D: j3 [       a   toggle a bootable flag
       b   edit bsd disklabel
       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
       d   delete a partition
       l   list known partition types
2 Z% O2 N% e$ x# K  }4 b       m   print this menu
       n   add a new partition
: l. K  L- |5 w6 p: ?       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
/ h( v9 G, T. e       p   print the partition table
( D  l( V  K$ R  _, {       q   quit without saving changes
       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
! s8 o, `1 {" `* r( [       t   change a partition's system id
       u   change display/entry units
. h/ D8 ]$ ^/ ~6 i$ S       v   verify the partition table
       w   write table to disk and exit
       x   extra functionality (experts only)
    Command (m for help): n
    Command action
7 l  [( m1 R5 ?       e   extended
       p   primary partition (1-4)
    p
    Partition number (1-4): 1
7 F( \  X* L+ s' c6 b    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
6 g2 ]4 w8 y/ w; ?    Using default value 1
    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
! I) D& [  K9 o5 o+ i    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
    Command (m for help): w
" {1 S1 o8 D* E    The partition table has been altered!
+ {2 r+ H/ b& y0 }( W& O$ ~" ?    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
    Syncing disks.
    //格式化新分区

1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
    Filesystem label=
    OS type: Linux
    Block size=1024 (log=0)
    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
! F* D3 e# n, f1 X1 m    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
+ H! @. x- i0 Z    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
    First data block=1
    62 block groups
$ m4 h' a7 D' T; v5 p, n" z; {6 L6 M    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
    2040 inodes per group
7 A( v0 x8 _  q* l    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
: i2 A7 K0 I: ~6 j    Writing inode tables: done                           
& n6 [8 ?) h0 x' X7 n+ H    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
' Y' t, F' C% W2 N    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
3 _0 z: Y$ Q8 \+ u

1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
6 |/ L' }1 f/ X( l/ N    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
3 i# {: ]- I) T" K2 W% S+ U) I% ?    //挂上新分区
# ^& V+ R7 Z" O0 T( o, X

1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
   
2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
1 l! ^/ I" x, c2 y! D    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
# c( I' T8 K8 B# Z* T2 z' g8 Y    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home

自动挂载：
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1.           vi /etc/fstab
   
2. 
   
3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
   , `4 A0 a% L% c4 N1 v" `8 ~( L
4. 
   
5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：

1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
   
2. 
   
3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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