linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
7 M) m7 I/ G* v, s7 E) v; f      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
$ s* q( b( Z, R4 E7 `      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
      ...

1. df -k
   
2. df -lh
   
3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
   

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
  V1 J" u8 X5 |2 q" W    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
- w( N1 u& v1 r5 I; _    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
  z7 o& F& g9 p* _2 x    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用
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1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
, y" D; F. k+ `: g    content won't be recoverable.
    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
* [0 o) j( w$ \2 x1 c) o9 u    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
% N* ^! g' p7 E' h2 B4 m: l    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
% U! y: A  [9 \    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
: x# D& [' z: g/ M  b9 |    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    Command (m for help): m
    Command action
       a   toggle a bootable flag
       b   edit bsd disklabel
: q& c0 P. ~1 l1 v       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
  [0 U: i7 R& g6 n       d   delete a partition
       l   list known partition types
5 p: E7 I$ k/ U2 i$ w+ `; h  E       m   print this menu
2 J+ t1 e) ~" O* V( \) W       n   add a new partition
       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
       p   print the partition table
1 u7 R, O& @- J5 b; l       q   quit without saving changes
       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
1 |; N" n+ m& E& Q# |/ z5 p5 B       t   change a partition's system id
. j9 b9 x! N6 |+ L7 E       u   change display/entry units
0 `( k  n9 h& K       v   verify the partition table
& A8 L* L) C( C- s- f$ p) R6 S4 \       w   write table to disk and exit
       x   extra functionality (experts only)
    Command (m for help): n
    Command action
       e   extended
       p   primary partition (1-4)
+ ]0 A9 r3 k1 _    p
8 q1 j2 K, L8 Y* i" e) f. _    Partition number (1-4): 1
+ J2 w  w1 H) q( u- m    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
0 j, Q2 {" E2 O$ T6 s0 N) B    Using default value 1
    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
- z- f2 b3 {1 v' ~2 c4 Z# O( Y  O    Command (m for help): p
# o' I: D1 f$ d/ ]1 c/ V+ w# I! ^8 }    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
: m' z8 j  P9 P, G4 L    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
5 A$ S% U' `% l7 q    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
6 n/ `* p5 Y- u9 ~7 t, H( g    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
    Command (m for help): w
* _2 [) }/ p  T& [3 T    The partition table has been altered!
0 ?! _8 B4 _$ i  m$ [) O2 [    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
% {6 I) g( ]/ W2 Z# b; ], H    Syncing disks.
    //格式化新分区
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1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
    Filesystem label=
! a" r) m/ p- X* k) Y    OS type: Linux
2 f$ r" t6 h9 x    Block size=1024 (log=0)
    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
9 ?# p" I" \3 C8 I: s, j    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
    First data block=1
* v1 p! w+ b) Y; r6 J    62 block groups
8 r: q) Y" Z3 I) E* j. t    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
    2040 inodes per group
    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
4 Q8 D% l0 h5 m& o* c            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
! Y4 V9 W' x1 p) C% K1 T2 Y    Writing inode tables: done                           
/ z- z6 I  z% Q: B! {, \* q4 E  g    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
, u8 Z2 A4 Y+ y! `5 a6 U    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
9 b$ z7 a- P' o' B' I; @9 @5 z0 y    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
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1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    //挂上新分区

1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
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2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
1 d+ E( a( ?* i8 V    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
  z" a- y& W% H    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home
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+ N# H2 W- r; u  w7 K0 p7 j7 A自动挂载：
7 f( J& r/ r5 ]# v

1.           vi /etc/fstab
   
2. 
   
3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
   5 S# r: w: w+ V0 f
4. 
   # W( ^: _4 i: @7 W
5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：
- c+ d1 k5 _$ ?* p

1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
   
2. 
   ; |: z+ r. Q$ ]+ {" a/ M
3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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