linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
/ ^+ ]2 g# D2 z5 l; C# O6 @      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
      ...

1. df -k
   
2. df -lh
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3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
4 D& f! s! \- \$ t    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用

1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
% p' y# N' N# |    content won't be recoverable.
    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
9 k* Y  c  H; T' Q! p    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
& K6 g  a; W& [6 f1 M    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
  O2 |( j2 N+ c% ~       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
+ f: J8 L7 }7 {# ]1 g    Command (m for help): p
' A% R+ C; K; }* ?' N+ W    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    Command (m for help): m
+ v4 b" I5 n: t* Q) K+ B    Command action
       a   toggle a bootable flag
       b   edit bsd disklabel
       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
% x- t5 e/ O- L9 F4 e0 ^7 k: m       d   delete a partition
/ V" V' h' ^' k/ P' ^- Y7 @/ S       l   list known partition types
       m   print this menu
) K! Y6 F8 C$ J, y       n   add a new partition
       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
       p   print the partition table
0 A- {- m. Z2 Y$ e) e4 H       q   quit without saving changes
       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
* K8 v3 D' \! y8 T7 J       t   change a partition's system id
       u   change display/entry units
       v   verify the partition table
6 S8 _9 N- f0 I; w0 H0 _       w   write table to disk and exit
       x   extra functionality (experts only)
+ L! @8 z4 n0 J/ T' N, O    Command (m for help): n
/ Q- H6 ?- U) h* j; O2 ]    Command action
       e   extended
       p   primary partition (1-4)
    p
    Partition number (1-4): 1
    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
    Using default value 1
% l/ H: q- V- l( ?! _    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
4 w- h+ B' Y* ^6 h    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
0 \0 s& Z. Y( |0 C  U    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
, h5 G' f9 @4 h/ d    Command (m for help): w
; f* j; s, o. j* P+ |4 z: c    The partition table has been altered!
5 b7 z1 |" p+ {+ b  H    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
) ?: G! N' X5 O! E- f' U    Syncing disks.
! l9 g) D& i3 F' h6 a    //格式化新分区
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1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
& e2 w. F) o- |5 o' d; n9 R    Filesystem label=
3 |8 ?7 z! O/ U9 r  ]2 ]0 t( A7 l    OS type: Linux
0 C( F# x( P9 {2 W$ s    Block size=1024 (log=0)
    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
" ]6 L' d% t3 t7 k, K0 I, X: N+ q    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
    First data block=1
0 _( ~3 w% v. C8 O, U0 f) H( a8 u    62 block groups
" P4 W0 ~" T& J: W5 @  V    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
2 L% K( a8 I! T; V) Q3 y    2040 inodes per group
    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
6 F* E3 p6 m( J/ Y5 M. m    Writing inode tables: done                           
    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
% e, S# j+ R6 B% Z1 h    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
9 c' ?- p' s  M0 B) A) E( _    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
1 N! j" c% T7 Q

1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
' Z2 S1 n. c  S. @) a3 ^    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
+ T* N* s! C6 s* g    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    //挂上新分区
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1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
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2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
7 i8 G" q. s3 J% v) q% `9 e0 Y    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
6 d+ l  I& L; C( S: [6 z, E) U    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home
1 _6 k4 o1 |( }9 `( M
) _1 p, s) P# n; [自动挂载：
1 E* C0 \! x* e% _

1.           vi /etc/fstab
   
2. 
   
3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
   
4. 
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5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：
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1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
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2. 
   + H( r. p! c" g
3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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; C7 N. J! n1 E9 h* K$ n