linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
3 {- ]6 k+ |- \' u' P8 d      ...

1. df -k
   
2. df -lh
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3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
( U! c: x% A8 f4 G& l    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用

1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
9 c; P# G3 ?' o    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
8 o$ a+ Y$ t! [8 Y    content won't be recoverable.
% I  k% e& w# |/ ?: G7 r    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
$ o6 V8 l* M2 N, A+ a    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
" ?7 o# `1 v# Z7 e6 C" t/ U    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
. y0 M2 I* Y$ m0 p8 w  ]0 ]. ~9 I       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
% c3 A' D/ u  \) R6 k    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    Command (m for help): m
& Q; T. V% Z( K" o3 U    Command action
       a   toggle a bootable flag
# b' e3 h9 o, K+ R% A  h       b   edit bsd disklabel
& g9 U, t, d3 i       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
* n: x! ^' S/ L       d   delete a partition
       l   list known partition types
0 M- Y7 j0 ?. T0 \: u% x5 s3 J5 _       m   print this menu
       n   add a new partition
4 z- v# G( J6 R/ G6 G' Y9 l       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
       p   print the partition table
       q   quit without saving changes
4 D" w' F6 O/ z0 w2 t       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
9 f# {6 _; x0 j& A       t   change a partition's system id
7 {- a7 h5 _8 Q       u   change display/entry units
# w% Z& d% g9 j3 U2 G8 k' E       v   verify the partition table
       w   write table to disk and exit
       x   extra functionality (experts only)
    Command (m for help): n
1 S8 ~( Y  H' W9 P8 u" }& J* c+ W    Command action
       e   extended
       p   primary partition (1-4)
    p
    Partition number (1-4): 1
! A( J* `" B) ^5 |# m    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
+ N! w( w6 o3 `! Y. H    Using default value 1
( l6 M. [' T3 E1 Z: @8 z. S0 g    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
; {+ g3 [" M6 k3 i' q5 O    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
0 E1 O- R* q, L* c+ ?4 f. d. ^( K    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
6 Q# n& e( M3 o' Q- B: f: q7 [    Command (m for help): w
    The partition table has been altered!
9 A  P& v: R# l    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
    Syncing disks.
8 R& _% G# ]) P8 _    //格式化新分区
# m- f( `" m' @- r# g

1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
    Filesystem label=
    OS type: Linux
    Block size=1024 (log=0)
    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
    First data block=1
8 x9 N% t& w3 [9 {, X: ?    62 block groups
  g9 C8 S- c9 e9 t    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
    2040 inodes per group
/ T+ i& i. J6 c  j6 I5 T& J  t    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
* {; G- ]$ F/ }$ Y% X6 m8 Z8 O            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
    Writing inode tables: done                           
$ S( H( |2 E7 E# X( Y, j    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
/ L+ Y) N9 L+ v4 p1 a* _. s    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
" K; P  r% w5 k' W8 U. c    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
: M- y/ A' c( ]" H) u7 {8 g    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    //挂上新分区
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1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
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2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
9 ^* n3 A! v( v; |3 e* v    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
% j- Y' x2 I7 C9 J! d8 E$ p    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home

2 l4 w4 ^6 [6 c6 P/ B自动挂载：

1.           vi /etc/fstab
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2. 
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3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
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4. 
   
5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：

1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
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2. 
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3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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