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[经验] linux下添加新硬盘方法

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发表于 2014-2-9 19:20:26 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  1. fdisk
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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)8 F! J  i! i, x( L
      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
8 u; G+ [* K5 d( ~) I7 j      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)+ r& z, G7 ]3 [9 i
      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)! @: v5 g4 W2 ^& E' H% H8 _# q
      ...
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  1. df -k
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  2. df -lh
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  3. 查看有几块硬盘:fdisk -l* B  u4 X, X4 J" C; j% R4 t9 G& X% u
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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
7 h+ K+ x7 D: w- r" ?; Z7 N    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /, s0 H# I5 P( x% T$ |7 u4 p
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot7 d1 n9 L% H1 W  s& C
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
! v, {4 p6 j# u) A! ^7 V    对新硬盘分区,4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用
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  1. fdisk /dev/hda
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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
2 `$ V, a- ], ?  ^# q! o; B, `    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,5 `+ O/ K$ L, M5 z# o' J
    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
# a" n2 ~4 P9 w* W    content won't be recoverable.# @3 U4 U& [" n) O  e3 T& K
    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
2 u2 r0 E% j( l" l) L4 q/ p9 `5 x- S    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,$ `5 o/ t* x+ E2 E- \# c) s
    and could in certain setups cause problems with:4 N* S' h$ X3 |% M1 `
    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
; O2 U8 G. l5 f9 Z  r; S9 C7 [9 p    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs- m0 ~3 h: D" P6 b  }. v4 P
       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)$ n8 a' C8 x9 \$ d% ?. `" L$ |
    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
" S2 ]  _6 v) R8 A' k, e/ O' U    Command (m for help): p
2 X* \$ z2 y, L; S" c+ S: h! J    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
5 |: D& R) i$ E- c5 e    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
4 W; Z2 C# [8 T5 |0 U5 H6 I! ^    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes. w* R. d3 W( `: V
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
8 i/ Y8 c" c3 L, V3 Z9 i( U$ E    Command (m for help): m
4 L6 W; N1 l4 N2 x    Command action& ]- f; ~. ?& g' `' e2 D. h$ [! Z
       a   toggle a bootable flag: a! P( W: X- f( m4 t/ e- `/ B( v- L
       b   edit bsd disklabel
) ]6 W& C2 X9 Q6 t       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag' O, {4 v1 B+ o& p
       d   delete a partition
3 S! _) L$ H# ]  }0 Q3 Y; a       l   list known partition types
8 ?3 `( ?2 m1 T/ `$ x8 R  P       m   print this menu) s0 I# C, y6 c5 f3 c) Z% I
       n   add a new partition1 T" y/ T0 N" V4 D8 w# s( K
       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
) n( k8 T% f/ w/ b3 Z/ O  m       p   print the partition table# S; _; G6 l9 i6 G4 ?7 w0 ]# ~
       q   quit without saving changes% ?' r$ G( ]- R% m( ?! W5 E
       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel, m( K6 _- b" ^# w1 M( V
       t   change a partition's system id. S* V4 ^4 ?; k* c* O
       u   change display/entry units
8 g# {# B+ m. o+ h1 H, I1 H" ?6 H       v   verify the partition table3 c3 O( H+ z- s9 |7 k
       w   write table to disk and exit
2 N+ t$ X& G1 j8 U. I       x   extra functionality (experts only); Y% {# [- P! e$ L& q6 e: W5 I
    Command (m for help): n9 c  p+ t+ r3 H4 ]- o6 i3 f& o
    Command action: f* f9 {7 H8 r1 B9 k+ G, K3 k+ q
       e   extended$ e$ v. q5 Q  a1 G1 d  @  m
       p   primary partition (1-4)
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+ {% ~8 j! I1 ?. c7 R7 m    Partition number (1-4): 1
; q" W0 D1 _7 B    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1): * a$ X( a+ u7 ~: W3 i; |
    Using default value 1
1 \3 u0 C5 p3 M8 I- X* V2 w    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
. U1 I5 ^* r- O5 a    Command (m for help): p% g$ }% B% i' ~+ P: w
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
. i# w$ d  f- r    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
/ R* i3 T" i* K, Q& |    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
4 W) L- J( u" u) z% k       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
( n# X5 O% U* f/ T/ n    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
6 b9 f4 v+ p1 I: I8 C* b# N7 z; s1 d    Command (m for help): w9 j: w( {  t% Z" x
    The partition table has been altered!9 u# K5 o' E) r; }: o' f
    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
" W0 X& g5 U* j0 Z2 N4 C7 M    Syncing disks.
1 O2 R( [# ?# U* @. o8 _    //格式化新分区
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  1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1
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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002): y' M' p5 S' n$ q/ |' j
    Filesystem label=
( e5 m1 C) G3 @9 \, @    OS type: Linux( M5 x$ g1 W) W- U# I
    Block size=1024 (log=0)
( Y  d6 g7 t' ^: L: r8 F" ^" P    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)0 q2 s' ^5 S& P+ p% r3 X, g" J* v
    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks7 p: E) p/ W% v  C: K
    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user" T# W" `4 U9 V! K$ \
    First data block=1! {' v! V3 R/ k9 H* x* p; \
    62 block groups) d# X$ N+ G3 v- d' s' u
    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
7 S2 u1 m  X- ^5 p# K    2040 inodes per group$ b$ M7 n2 a1 W6 x+ ]
    Superblock backups stored on blocks: , b4 t! H, R! t) g# O" A7 c
            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409# x, d( J) Q' O# s) T8 O
    Writing inode tables: done                           
4 t( j& \( [: o1 u* ]7 i9 W; B; }    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done, x# w( k% ~9 j
    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done2 @' P' a2 T' ]! _4 C) P6 N9 W
    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
2 x5 `  d5 i% I, L) Z$ @    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
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  1. df -k
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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
, c7 b1 p- w. i    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
' E2 `4 e6 H# p* A    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
8 F* _' M' ?7 `3 S- t; \& ]    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm5 d1 F  C- @* O
    //挂上新分区0 Q; m2 J; G% u+ M
  1. mount /dev/hda1 /home5 V5 [, f7 T" \  M) @$ s+ F) u2 b
  2. df -k
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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点6 S& A5 v  ]8 S) |+ P. `9 Q1 q
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /1 z$ P9 _7 w) |/ v/ p# p- N
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot$ R+ E0 K9 w* ?" Y9 M9 S
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
% E8 ~( v+ A3 B, L5 S/ p5 x4 Z    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home* o, D' a# W  o; {  n; n: m

$ k2 w- N* s) K) B/ ~4 |, m自动挂载:/ E) U* T: J6 h3 c5 J% s$ U; d
  1.           vi /etc/fstab& q: I( ~! H2 _, s6 {3 U, ?
  2. " p& @% ]5 t7 B* L1 {9 l3 C8 z
  3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0+ o' N1 U# P$ V0 E$ d0 N4 N

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  5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0
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手动挂载:- w# u; v1 `; e. ~- U
  1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp15 z% {" y: m% V4 I

  2. 4 F( O& l2 e9 y" f
  3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2
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