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[经验] linux下添加新硬盘方法

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发表于 2014-2-9 19:20:26 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  1. fdisk
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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)# {0 b# V8 r4 t3 }$ J6 R- b0 r
      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
4 P0 _+ @' E( d; |. v      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
1 d$ W! B$ P) q) k/ f' J+ ^% d      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
3 u  v2 ]7 ^& Q" _8 i& z  X% v" [      ...7 j& W- A% l. A1 v* X) G) n
  1. df -k* B1 q4 W" K6 i8 _! h: T
  2. df -lh% m( `1 ^3 o+ {# F
  3. 查看有几块硬盘:fdisk -l+ U0 O2 {! m5 y: n" B
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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点- j8 Q; J0 I0 p, H; b
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
0 s, X( {5 j' B8 L- a) _" n. t    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot/ U/ O1 b6 u( w( ~0 E! j
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
/ v6 v1 j1 _2 k% ?    对新硬盘分区,4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用
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  1. fdisk /dev/hda
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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel) p$ v( e' ^9 G0 g
    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
6 b2 t2 g/ K' x# M    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous. R; a2 k' e7 q! E# q
    content won't be recoverable.0 W+ d1 H! K% A8 y; B
    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
5 s# X+ R) ?4 |/ C, L    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
" q! V1 z: i4 p0 @# x7 l6 q4 @; e; x    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
# F  R- I0 v/ T( V4 [8 B- r    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)8 E  t. `3 y4 E
    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
6 h% V& s) @1 k. P       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)* O+ L6 g8 D3 y0 |  q; L" B
    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)2 s, c1 }1 A' D
    Command (m for help): p
6 W  w7 ]2 {2 p0 \3 U    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes+ k% d) k" F9 Q2 U) @* g( ~
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
& v  `$ p8 B0 I# x  ~7 `  v, n    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
: e9 x, }3 e8 Z8 B       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
8 Q& [$ }# u: O9 A& w4 W! U  z    Command (m for help): m
; k2 w+ e0 v  b3 U8 Z4 e: C' V    Command action
& |$ z3 d2 m) N5 E/ g       a   toggle a bootable flag3 x4 H9 [  v3 L: W7 X
       b   edit bsd disklabel- r) ^* L/ s7 C) y0 m# h, D% u
       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag7 p0 @& V( P+ S' D+ Z
       d   delete a partition) c& H& I9 f! ]( k) L9 X/ R* _
       l   list known partition types
& m. z0 h: k: n/ s4 I1 {! v       m   print this menu6 ^+ ~) O$ b( i8 l0 k
       n   add a new partition
) ]0 ?% m( X  B# w7 i: h( G       o   create a new empty DOS partition table) ~* w6 E0 f  L9 k
       p   print the partition table/ C  g! ]! W* H. c  \
       q   quit without saving changes/ r9 H5 @& [2 t* a5 T) B$ c/ X- u
       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
; l* p: o' _+ G: h4 |- V9 q3 e       t   change a partition's system id  k/ ?# {8 y, W+ A4 R
       u   change display/entry units
1 w3 ~; \7 i, R8 }* s& f! }: O       v   verify the partition table
  H8 O0 r( F! V+ k: O1 h3 k1 K' S% m       w   write table to disk and exit
8 K: P) r! j# v% P8 _3 r       x   extra functionality (experts only)
* U/ Z2 P! R; o$ ]" S    Command (m for help): n; o. E0 x# @8 L: E7 E  }4 h
    Command action
0 P# P4 u5 Y) X; @/ G/ k       e   extended
. P3 S0 w1 n' i! l: V9 o# N% C       p   primary partition (1-4)4 R# A/ X  ?0 P) y8 P# Q
    p3 v) Y5 u  O+ c7 M4 _1 m% e
    Partition number (1-4): 18 T$ p: c2 A, V" H. u
    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1): ) N; v% j, [' B% _! P0 t" w& ]
    Using default value 1" z9 U9 w7 R: M& Q1 O) }9 }
    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G" C6 P' b1 U5 s  U5 R" `
    Command (m for help): p0 d6 ^6 s! t4 q& c9 X' A, u- l3 e
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes$ e  n+ \5 q" W5 N+ P
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders2 W- b/ A- w' \8 Q0 ?1 x* R0 Q
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes' B7 S) D* q6 ^3 k
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System7 O* q8 p0 C5 F  o, v/ U& V: }' `
    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux' M( ^+ o, ^- j6 {4 b6 E
    Command (m for help): w
: u% t# T& J7 W  E) U2 i0 x9 }    The partition table has been altered!
4 O9 L, R+ K1 I4 ]4 d1 H    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.! m8 e' ?( @! P% V, I/ f2 W- J
    Syncing disks.
. z8 M) o( q4 ]: [    //格式化新分区
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  1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1
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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)9 a) n- c3 g5 V" n. z
    Filesystem label=5 ?* |' }( |& F. @# y
    OS type: Linux1 |5 N4 A  [$ v& U/ }' g& }* e% b
    Block size=1024 (log=0)
9 f' D. \& e0 P; k6 O; l  ^0 Y, c5 |    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)2 D9 D5 ]; o6 U
    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
. [5 }7 n* s8 v5 M& V7 D    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user( H) f! e8 m( z- Z9 C2 O
    First data block=1
0 S2 J: d$ M/ I- N- a. F. o- Y' r    62 block groups1 F7 J' X& O. J$ {
    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
' c8 W" y& ^' v  b1 b    2040 inodes per group
0 z" D$ }2 @: o/ U, n    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
4 X3 k' C4 _" `9 A+ ?            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
) c1 u8 [# u% R! [    Writing inode tables: done                           
; S& b4 q! f3 D3 B0 U7 Y. ]    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done: S3 R5 v' x1 S/ A* G0 B
    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done# K& @! o' \/ W; }4 i$ _( g
    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
" J, d$ m7 z; L+ N  V0 H1 y    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
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  1. df -k
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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
& M0 Y, N7 f) l' K' k9 C+ _1 J    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
4 p% P' `: P. o. [8 \, s    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot- M6 u: P9 ~4 G% D0 u; M
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
- L6 J1 a* x8 z1 a    //挂上新分区
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  1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
    9 o) a* f6 Q% t7 N& ^1 Q
  2. df -k
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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点' r/ N6 z- u- \. A6 l8 R' K1 [
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /0 n, ^% z& a0 h% c3 u6 w, n: |
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
1 q+ p2 E" ~1 o- w3 q: R: J    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm+ x8 `# l  \  w
    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home9 O! Y; Y0 k0 i0 }. r1 X: G% t- s6 i

( y& g- t$ K" F$ |1 `自动挂载:8 j7 r! G) P5 M
  1.           vi /etc/fstab
    2 d8 W& _2 W1 P4 P+ Y2 M& h2 M3 \
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  3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0% g$ g! Y" P$ \$ [0 U7 G' L
  4. ; O7 X. v5 b6 V. u  B! I9 G8 `7 h/ U
  5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0
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手动挂载:
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  1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
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  2. ! R$ U* c# S. Q$ j  k: J$ q
  3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2
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