linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
      ...
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1. df -k
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2. df -lh
   
3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
   

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
. x+ X0 G* z1 `% ?" \* x    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
2 W: n  R% s' Q    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
; _- A$ |, s+ [    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用

1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
2 c- u7 W* V4 h1 T    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
    content won't be recoverable.
( I+ ~) |! u) ]+ L0 c    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
. b6 |( k2 q+ M. N    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
9 X. n/ O# `% I0 b$ O    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
' [' h" D/ ~% F+ k       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
: C+ e4 w) M& M; z+ S$ S0 V; f0 l    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
! e0 Q5 O/ U1 T, X+ r  ~9 s* F    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
3 c# O# V2 p! ^; W    Command (m for help): m
$ Y  x8 e6 ]" @5 e! ~    Command action
- V6 _3 j1 V; ]8 L       a   toggle a bootable flag
       b   edit bsd disklabel
       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
3 W0 k- j0 r9 ^" s. L2 ?1 M; ]! J# l* C3 F       d   delete a partition
       l   list known partition types
       m   print this menu
       n   add a new partition
       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
( g2 S: A( l8 J3 X" g" m0 L1 W       p   print the partition table
       q   quit without saving changes
+ f3 X7 d* E4 m4 g       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
" ?' h. ]$ e/ V9 j* `. ^       t   change a partition's system id
       u   change display/entry units
) g5 C( r* k/ R/ E  P" E       v   verify the partition table
       w   write table to disk and exit
- K' f% Y. L& [, _- ~" ?       x   extra functionality (experts only)
    Command (m for help): n
; y1 t* w2 i3 k! c2 f    Command action
" Y1 L" Y/ T% I: p6 A; p. i       e   extended
* G1 x* R( d; l" P8 c       p   primary partition (1-4)
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' y8 ]! ^* n0 M# d1 ?5 J0 y, x4 k    Partition number (1-4): 1
    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
+ Z- W1 o4 @& `    Using default value 1
3 v' ?! y) k9 ^$ n3 O    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
& t# g/ O9 C" m3 T    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
6 \0 D& n5 E  d$ _       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
+ n% z7 f3 W/ r( }    Command (m for help): w
    The partition table has been altered!
3 v2 Y0 g, p- B# m    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
* F8 e; C. q) N! a    Syncing disks.
( m. u8 ~! V- J. `1 K    //格式化新分区

1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
9 z7 `0 p& x% d7 _% d    Filesystem label=
    OS type: Linux
  `6 u! a. r. j# Z    Block size=1024 (log=0)
; e0 `3 F$ f4 t" e    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
. f# C2 F" m1 d" L2 L3 _    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
    First data block=1
1 W% u- j% x2 y( H$ J& ]    62 block groups
4 z( ]0 G  \& d% v! p8 {% y    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
    2040 inodes per group
    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
2 W& U( i8 Y$ |0 \# Z4 u    Writing inode tables: done                           
    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
, z1 i8 L2 O+ D0 S- s    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
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1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
- S* U$ ~% c+ k& [' M    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
3 v5 a. l7 C8 {$ |6 `+ d. n( g' r" l    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    //挂上新分区
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1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
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2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
5 X& l* ?4 A8 a7 y    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
& M2 c, O9 g+ {2 e- Q) t9 S    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
5 f8 e4 u/ X2 @3 a" ^    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home

8 A* A" b: g* B- h6 r自动挂载：

1.           vi /etc/fstab
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2. 
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3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
   
4. 
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5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：
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1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
   
2. 
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3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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