linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
3 p4 J* T- y7 L, _- j0 ?  Y      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
# c  o7 e' {' Z      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
      ...
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1. df -k
   
2. df -lh
   
3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
5 v6 Z# o) N% \5 I: `& ]0 q$ {    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
5 t  J  [9 o  D# S    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
7 j) p- c1 J% k6 {    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用

1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
; J4 T( c) J  E8 o    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
    content won't be recoverable.
7 r; g% N9 ?* A0 J3 B( _3 _    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
8 C5 j- I) b+ Z" p    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
' z9 {5 Q3 I7 r- q/ K8 D, M. k% Y    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
  s. t# G0 x" b% U+ v9 X    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
7 [* |* [1 T% r9 q3 Y    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
  X. ]( z! S$ Z1 a5 m    Command (m for help): m
* U7 ^7 m/ j, [    Command action
% w1 A/ S) ^% z  _# Y- l" m       a   toggle a bootable flag
       b   edit bsd disklabel
* O: B2 @8 w4 w$ J+ P# l       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
$ c5 k2 [& d9 q/ p       d   delete a partition
       l   list known partition types
3 H" K- t9 H) u' V$ B       m   print this menu
" C0 W% c7 O1 V0 n  O$ s       n   add a new partition
       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
       p   print the partition table
       q   quit without saving changes
       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
* S2 J( C" K. d5 D7 b$ \. E* z       t   change a partition's system id
       u   change display/entry units
       v   verify the partition table
       w   write table to disk and exit
       x   extra functionality (experts only)
    Command (m for help): n
    Command action
+ u8 m) w2 I$ Z- l       e   extended
) P8 {/ h  z: }' q0 V# C2 X- P; A       p   primary partition (1-4)
    p
    Partition number (1-4): 1
    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
6 |: @( j8 D( \" W: P5 w/ s    Using default value 1
    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
( ?& @. |5 z$ |( A' A2 q    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
# U: s* k* z5 w1 T6 {! F    Command (m for help): w
' |6 C" s3 {1 k5 A5 \5 a    The partition table has been altered!
/ l3 B9 M2 g# H' D. I4 n* z    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
    Syncing disks.
+ u( ]6 `& M9 t& d7 }    //格式化新分区
: j% i5 F  }' v: f, n

1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
    Filesystem label=
    OS type: Linux
5 @( R. B. u2 ?' R+ J    Block size=1024 (log=0)
    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
$ N7 _2 \  F9 f9 D    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
    First data block=1
    62 block groups
    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
    2040 inodes per group
4 x, }9 A" p8 ~/ l& Q4 A5 {    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
4 q4 G6 a! `2 W1 a7 |$ [            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
* x* T. ^, e% Y    Writing inode tables: done                           
    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
6 `1 L5 s1 o  m: `

1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
# N9 d9 n/ y0 u* K    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
: e# h: _& v  S; b" L2 a* g& c* C0 l    //挂上新分区

1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
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2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
; X! ?6 b& \9 Y* _    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
) H0 C$ k! E1 v; t0 M2 d    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home
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自动挂载：
# O0 h, n9 i+ S9 d3 V3 |% @

1.           vi /etc/fstab
   9 q2 i( s1 m5 J) F  v
2. 
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3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
   
4. 
   
5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：
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1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
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2. 
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3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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