linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
5 k# \* o1 R1 Z  l% q6 p      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
$ @& V# n; S# [! V2 r' k+ `' z+ A      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
  R4 P6 R* Q9 u      ...
3 S# R* N0 P7 N" h' q" ]

1. df -k
   
2. df -lh
   
3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
   % |/ g, e; [3 S& l( A& g

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
8 D- U. h* Y2 b    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
# f4 r- \# {5 S9 P$ @4 q- D8 }    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用
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1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
) C, f- m9 r3 v) G! z% a    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
4 ?9 y7 }- N% I3 e    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
    content won't be recoverable.
) t# h6 ~- u% o- s2 A& S    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
- }7 ~. J" D9 \- [    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
$ m+ N; E! `6 k# u! A/ O    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
    Command (m for help): p
* r( P# r4 u: p1 K    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
2 F5 j4 L& q, u2 \/ _8 v    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
* H6 E! x; J( ]2 p    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
/ _- p# y* N, s       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
4 H% k) a2 _7 z, e5 K! w9 J  \    Command (m for help): m
    Command action
       a   toggle a bootable flag
       b   edit bsd disklabel
$ ~$ D/ |$ v; d, s/ E       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
       d   delete a partition
7 X2 z9 r9 w9 p* p7 {       l   list known partition types
       m   print this menu
7 F/ F+ t7 u; h! T+ F% e7 L; r1 w       n   add a new partition
       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
2 s$ `; [2 U0 U9 L  B       p   print the partition table
5 s6 z# q# p( z1 j       q   quit without saving changes
       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
       t   change a partition's system id
       u   change display/entry units
       v   verify the partition table
       w   write table to disk and exit
2 ?3 ?, d2 t$ J7 X8 p6 G5 g       x   extra functionality (experts only)
    Command (m for help): n
2 z8 [5 s9 z  u; S    Command action
       e   extended
       p   primary partition (1-4)
  y7 x. ?' ^) w/ r, m% V    p
    Partition number (1-4): 1
6 {* F+ G/ V& n, c" y8 U    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
    Using default value 1
5 L$ F$ f! V/ c$ y3 j. L    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
    Command (m for help): p
6 p+ ^$ h: L* y  Y, ]2 p, F    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
& O2 f- s; N! R$ D* q% D    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
9 b1 P% ^* E% A% h. t( \- M       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
    Command (m for help): w
    The partition table has been altered!
$ @, S9 _" p+ S" G8 F; B6 U6 r    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
    Syncing disks.
/ W/ F- H& t* ~0 ~# w% T    //格式化新分区

1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
    Filesystem label=
8 N. @1 }" b- T: y* ^8 q, o% g: j- [    OS type: Linux
    Block size=1024 (log=0)
% \, @& x+ W, c- W% l* G    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
3 m9 B( L- e: w; ^' \% y. n5 h* t    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
+ _# Z7 D+ N/ H8 m/ }    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
0 ~" S2 f8 g, W; F    First data block=1
0 o  t8 C9 Q6 p* q) ?; U6 Y    62 block groups
/ c; Z/ I+ q" g; F    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
    2040 inodes per group
3 ]! X+ j, t# Q9 P; J$ n    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
    Writing inode tables: done                           
    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
. K# L$ u9 }8 w+ L: O    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
3 S* z$ X  C  m4 m# j* w6 }    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
; y& w: Z. O4 P% W9 Q. F    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
( ]/ f$ o" v/ E7 g2 Q$ ]( L' B    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
) q  u- _1 C- x0 `/ f    //挂上新分区

1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
   
2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
3 j; e6 \4 ^! _! K  P    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
& m0 g) S( K4 O/ f    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home

: b7 ], ~# T( O  _: W8 ^/ a2 Z自动挂载：
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1.           vi /etc/fstab
   
2. 
   
3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
   # H# n9 \% Q4 s6 n
4. 
   0 Q) w7 I# Q2 e! A# k
5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：

1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
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2. 
   
3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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