linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
: z2 W) n+ K% c8 m  F1 ?      ...
/ k- V5 k0 E; h* B

1. df -k
   - i, Z" a% P, `* _# Q# O% d
2. df -lh
   
3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
   

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
$ {; Y& A# Q, o' K/ k0 u4 k    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
( y3 M2 F- v% O( c  F    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用

1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
& l; v, e2 B: h    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
0 X8 x, s) g( T& V4 j    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
4 |- H  J, q5 l& u; E% G" S    content won't be recoverable.
    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
& }& T) H- A5 Z, X$ R    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
2 s6 H# g% G8 q6 P( p    Command (m for help): p
( ~# I/ w& \4 T- q9 P) W    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
+ o( [$ @2 x6 D; H4 N       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
+ v) o  u$ ?% T    Command (m for help): m
    Command action
. U0 s# E) p: [( @. M: _       a   toggle a bootable flag
       b   edit bsd disklabel
' V1 ]% y3 A+ e" U: M" P/ c& `) s       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
       d   delete a partition
* q  i: Y; f9 ]6 h9 a       l   list known partition types
       m   print this menu
       n   add a new partition
, w; X& \0 j4 G       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
       p   print the partition table
       q   quit without saving changes
       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
       t   change a partition's system id
       u   change display/entry units
- x8 j5 b# t' v; @       v   verify the partition table
       w   write table to disk and exit
       x   extra functionality (experts only)
    Command (m for help): n
4 w! ^- q$ Q- r: v4 J3 O    Command action
       e   extended
. a6 [& i: a! n2 D, X  _' n       p   primary partition (1-4)
    p
    Partition number (1-4): 1
    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
    Using default value 1
    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
3 u9 x2 W( ~2 T, ~3 D    Command (m for help): p
5 ], ~5 \, b: g' t0 P1 t    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
  R( A9 ?# K* J5 X2 P" p7 ^    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
6 D$ _1 i: t" E       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
9 O/ {; L' U6 o" z1 I6 O; J1 E& i/ e    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
& q/ w% i7 r8 c    Command (m for help): w
    The partition table has been altered!
    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
, @: K; S7 ^( R    Syncing disks.
* x; |: z* \3 s+ N    //格式化新分区

1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
2 H2 P  M, V* R% {# j) f- z    Filesystem label=
    OS type: Linux
; o/ y! e* u  b" G7 ], U/ W    Block size=1024 (log=0)
    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
. m5 G# W' L. x) D2 {  E* }    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
% A0 c3 y6 h- {& |    First data block=1
    62 block groups
3 _$ ^3 h+ m5 }8 {4 r, Z  {    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
    2040 inodes per group
% S) X% J8 `5 I7 O6 j4 r- ~    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
% E* F+ I! b3 |3 M, Y    Writing inode tables: done                           
    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
% P3 \" c8 R0 d    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
- D% F1 `* X9 {( ^- D    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
1 f  n1 d2 f  J4 i    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    //挂上新分区
$ \9 M8 e6 V$ b( H, [- A  R

1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
   
2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
. H2 m4 X6 A1 j3 A0 c    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home
5 o" T, }$ {- e5 M
7 u" R' l% b* F自动挂载：

1.           vi /etc/fstab
   6 w" M# r: r- B7 K! Z. Z2 K  }
2. 
   
3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
   
4. 
   / `& ~- Q3 |7 t) g$ u/ u
5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：
$ ?) U! U: c# p7 [+ o. b* H

1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
   
2. 
   
3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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