linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
# {3 k, b' S. g      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
: D' I! t3 p1 y) I# K/ L      ...
  q2 v9 d  j; g# v; I1 h, z

1. df -k
   
2. df -lh
     h: `. F% \7 g* Y0 K- n" A
3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
   6 ~) K" ]4 l% O9 u7 Z

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
% Z; B- c) @. [: ]2 _) N    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用

1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
1 i. L0 b8 H/ A) u    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
2 h! Q3 p9 m: D8 A- a1 D9 U/ d    content won't be recoverable.
. \3 `& J8 J' f  a5 b- o    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
$ Y3 _. I0 j; U; |8 [+ ]    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
" E  G4 O: s1 F    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
9 h4 a7 f2 b: @6 I/ F+ s    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
/ a: q: P6 q2 f" V    Command (m for help): p
7 z4 X7 x; q# m: b    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
! r; M. J8 @$ @* T! c8 i; C. v* u9 h    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
+ y" t3 ?' i! M6 F    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    Command (m for help): m
    Command action
7 O9 e) W) K( u, P       a   toggle a bootable flag
* u& I' x$ [& g* f2 `       b   edit bsd disklabel
       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
       d   delete a partition
       l   list known partition types
       m   print this menu
       n   add a new partition
$ ?* ~. l" h% E9 m7 y       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
% `. o1 P( y5 S) Y* s+ ^6 T       p   print the partition table
# ]7 w3 E3 J7 i       q   quit without saving changes
       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
       t   change a partition's system id
       u   change display/entry units
       v   verify the partition table
       w   write table to disk and exit
7 g; ]! l' b) B       x   extra functionality (experts only)
  M5 L# G5 f* D% c7 i1 i! v    Command (m for help): n
    Command action
       e   extended
( \+ N6 g, J' u  X! Q8 ~       p   primary partition (1-4)
, `, y# Q; R1 Y' n    p
    Partition number (1-4): 1
    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
    Using default value 1
    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
; U4 a) S0 N9 d( H8 E+ E$ |1 ~    Command (m for help): p
. w. W$ v, G; O- A! b7 r    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
    Command (m for help): w
# s0 o8 ^" q& ?6 O( X5 ^    The partition table has been altered!
- t) r3 Q. Z( V2 T+ {: G" z    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
$ ]1 g7 C: t) D" e2 x2 R" [    Syncing disks.
    //格式化新分区

1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
    Filesystem label=
+ k9 V, _$ Q" D( K4 I1 Y. e- Y: B+ I    OS type: Linux
7 p8 u; s3 a; S) I  I    Block size=1024 (log=0)
    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
; u1 B  h% x% Z4 S6 e    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
    First data block=1
    62 block groups
    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
7 I0 {1 ^9 D5 |+ p' Q0 R# L; A9 {5 c/ r    2040 inodes per group
    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
* W. {2 K$ L. u+ p/ P) p    Writing inode tables: done                           
5 O4 |0 `$ u9 a    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
) `  k& ]8 I% g* D1 a5 S    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
& R' L& {. s; n; B; t    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
0 j9 g+ c$ V: D6 W7 _' F5 b    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
4 Q) Y& X( U6 t, x; y+ d

1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
6 _' H% Q8 p) u$ h. I% \    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
& L2 h) i7 ]* T) Y3 C" e4 ~5 ~    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    //挂上新分区

1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
   
2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
, c5 P: k, B% ^6 ]; |  e' M3 Y$ m    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
1 ^) _2 X' i( }& Q- Y/ G( k) W    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home

5 @& a' ^( a; z$ ?  e& c; {+ b6 G自动挂载：

1.           vi /etc/fstab
   
2. 
   
3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
   " P; @3 t: y  l8 [. E
4. 
   
5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：

1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
   
2. 
   
3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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  o3 c+ [& @8 y