linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
( z1 f+ N" V  m      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
      ...
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1. df -k
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2. df -lh
   
3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
   

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
7 p' t" ?7 F) y: }( D5 j& Y    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用
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1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
; i% h9 f  q( d    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
9 Y; I( V. U' _  l- m: U    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
# Z$ S1 Q. y) w; X: k5 Q    content won't be recoverable.
    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
3 ]6 m' X: o! s. z    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
& z- s$ B, j! T+ {" T    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
! N+ \- S! `" C" A3 l% P9 h       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
$ N5 X4 }8 \4 T    Command (m for help): p
3 |3 B2 e8 V) F! a% m    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
5 h0 _3 M9 k: P0 e    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    Command (m for help): m
    Command action
- k$ e2 y, W  l' a       a   toggle a bootable flag
% I" r- C+ y! F3 ?, F* e& ]: F       b   edit bsd disklabel
       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
       d   delete a partition
0 U3 ^8 G6 V, C: k' j       l   list known partition types
       m   print this menu
/ a5 g) j& r$ G( m( I( i) M       n   add a new partition
       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
       p   print the partition table
       q   quit without saving changes
       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
! f% k( h  j3 w( S) u" V       t   change a partition's system id
       u   change display/entry units
       v   verify the partition table
) i* f/ n  b5 ]4 q, _       w   write table to disk and exit
/ {; t" ]1 S2 H* }       x   extra functionality (experts only)
    Command (m for help): n
! B' a) w$ T/ N& ^6 c6 Q    Command action
       e   extended
       p   primary partition (1-4)
8 ]+ z% m" ?, f: w" |6 G( b7 T    p
    Partition number (1-4): 1
! a4 {, `3 ]  \+ o    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
, z* w7 b! ]$ R/ |    Using default value 1
* |( A. `: n) v+ X    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
. ~% f0 L6 P0 X5 B+ ^6 y% s0 H% c. w8 K    Command (m for help): p
4 m  N) Z  s8 {4 W    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
5 v0 A4 H. @  \* f       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
' B# |7 V* j; a- Y    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
4 |# B1 R: ]0 v8 }6 [1 ~    Command (m for help): w
; D$ ^# W  Q# d( X5 \    The partition table has been altered!
8 S+ t8 @, m9 I% U& D+ C7 G! G    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
    Syncing disks.
    //格式化新分区
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1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
& L$ W8 x7 c0 C    Filesystem label=
% S+ V% R6 F* Y% j    OS type: Linux
7 z' f3 Y! k& r9 X+ \9 {& v    Block size=1024 (log=0)
5 ?! a5 k% |# U% p, p" j' S$ {" _2 K    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
5 _8 G9 H' o" V. [8 F    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
: B" z8 \0 y' J/ T    First data block=1
    62 block groups
* c4 K) m& c& h    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
; A- j& X. h! l! h. l- T4 z    2040 inodes per group
' a3 s4 w9 m; |4 U! K$ {    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
% |& U7 r* i5 j6 b9 b* a0 p% g    Writing inode tables: done                           
    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
6 t; m9 `" i/ y4 ?+ T& x  c! J) m  \# {    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
3 W& h) M6 j- m6 @: k    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
2 |2 n9 |: z3 u" s3 g5 Z    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
1 c- B7 {9 y4 b! j" F4 R* D( k    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
* }1 n/ _5 b$ \, D    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
1 u, ?  {2 O  F( p% M/ w    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
+ p3 ?5 U2 S5 R2 f; n* I3 y. [    //挂上新分区
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1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
   
2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
* l2 r; R/ l( H/ z    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
, y8 J+ k! d, N    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home

6 s4 O/ A1 K9 O& Z+ O自动挂载：
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1.           vi /etc/fstab
   
2. 
   % ^! ]9 m3 P; U; ^6 g
3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
   
4. 
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5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：

1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
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2. 
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3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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