linux下添加新硬盘方法

admin

1. fdisk

复制代码

Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
+ X: l- q$ ?: ~( ^; G( x4 y3 p      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
( y( W# k# k$ G7 O# F, P      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
      ...
" A6 D* \- U: s

1. df -k
   
2. df -lh
   
3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
   - s& w& a+ H' @; H( J

复制代码

文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
$ q" D  M+ Y2 v1 B* K    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
2 e6 i' k" S5 |+ R: V$ w    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用

1. fdisk /dev/hda

复制代码

Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
0 ], t% X: t! t* `( n; N4 f    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
3 O! t$ v9 c& G+ N9 s- p- a    content won't be recoverable.
$ X! ~8 N/ f4 Z" r" Q9 ]( E1 d; P( Z    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
0 e  [' B& y) I. I; u5 p) U9 d/ Y    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
) C$ s& A+ B1 t; x    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
8 I) D: Q3 u5 r& q" V    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
5 b) {# t; I/ G- O( W) Q    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    Command (m for help): m
' t+ d: V* W  _7 e    Command action
2 l3 N  ?: ~4 w* f       a   toggle a bootable flag
       b   edit bsd disklabel
& }1 M4 H* p5 y* S$ s       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
       d   delete a partition
. p* i+ n+ z( b; P       l   list known partition types
       m   print this menu
. x  B1 p. s# _9 r       n   add a new partition
       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
4 \9 Y6 i; |$ P3 T: o       p   print the partition table
       q   quit without saving changes
       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
, O  ]; O: r9 v2 L       t   change a partition's system id
8 E1 x- P, P3 J  Z6 B# b1 r- H       u   change display/entry units
; b6 R, N6 t- N4 L5 f, e       v   verify the partition table
, H* g9 ^# m$ G9 R       w   write table to disk and exit
' T  ?  y8 Y3 c8 f/ s. P3 G- i       x   extra functionality (experts only)
    Command (m for help): n
! ], U! Q: S5 [! e. G( o% H$ m  ~    Command action
       e   extended
       p   primary partition (1-4)
    p
    Partition number (1-4): 1
    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
4 }+ q4 B2 t1 ?5 m- E5 ]5 ~    Using default value 1
' ~) Y5 p2 y! _2 R8 p: t/ Y    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
    Command (m for help): p
- Z: X2 y7 v4 \( _& z0 r    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
! |7 R3 h/ r) S/ i    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
* {  _  e; v' ~    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
9 D& r  a1 P; z. V9 G1 |% K       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
3 J1 x* N  t7 `/ K" ~    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
    Command (m for help): w
    The partition table has been altered!
    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
! }- V# q( C  z! C7 [3 ^: ~4 Q    Syncing disks.
    //格式化新分区
* ~7 ^% ^3 P, t( R- O# [

1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

复制代码

mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
    Filesystem label=
    OS type: Linux
+ h9 Z% D, ]3 f- U) J    Block size=1024 (log=0)
    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
    First data block=1
, q' O# t) ~' f# H2 Z; b! g    62 block groups
, W$ i7 k9 @' Z8 M& W    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
9 D1 j5 V. J  E: K0 [    2040 inodes per group
    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
    Writing inode tables: done                           
* h3 s! p0 E9 T6 v1 p& A    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
5 J2 u6 S6 w! |: m$ \% u    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

1. df -k

复制代码

文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
; t7 |+ Y9 A, M% ]1 u( |    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
* f6 y5 `; |; w; F; ]    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    //挂上新分区

1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
   9 h& ^" o6 w" c3 @$ {0 d  Q6 `
2. df -k

复制代码

文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
+ {: K7 z6 k, A* L4 V/ \5 p: i    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
1 F* C* Z( C: g+ v    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
! s6 u4 v: z' @& H+ E! r    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home
4 Q) i* Q2 V. ^4 f
自动挂载：
5 V* i, d. u( p3 y. l3 @

1.           vi /etc/fstab
   ; q( c; i6 J4 j: q" i
2. 
   
3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
   8 J' s2 K% ?# e1 a# ?0 Z. ?
4. 
   
5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

复制代码

手动挂载：

1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
   $ k" n- i4 e0 C3 i. W& _% e
2. 
   5 o" @+ y. N& }' t
3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

复制代码

1 F& C7 a0 |$ G  t! [- V( G