linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
      ...
4 V$ r3 S+ ~: Y6 S

1. df -k
   
2. df -lh
   
3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
   1 D6 {( d: D8 Z! V% g0 `

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用

1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
$ G: o% o# b2 Q1 s1 f    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
& }9 t7 J$ V0 X    content won't be recoverable.
    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
9 g8 M) V+ J; k3 Q$ h5 X    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
: P5 U4 e3 u: A1 V3 F- t+ r0 {    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
8 p8 P6 ?# N0 k/ F    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
1 M& B( c  K: D" ^' c: \- i       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
5 t& L% g* k! G8 M    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
% M  |" V+ U9 i" E    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
- V, U* L! z* k5 b. ^, e4 c; |9 a       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    Command (m for help): m
    Command action
. X  w& [1 ]  A* @# _6 e3 v       a   toggle a bootable flag
       b   edit bsd disklabel
$ R* L: W( [0 d& H" I+ Q       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
       d   delete a partition
       l   list known partition types
6 i6 l9 r# W$ z3 Y& G; g       m   print this menu
! Y: E' F2 x' s  R5 N       n   add a new partition
       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
! o6 [$ x5 c9 N% @3 d0 r. y       p   print the partition table
1 N  W  {2 s. `& z: Y       q   quit without saving changes
2 L/ u9 z5 |3 F7 c* H& }       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
       t   change a partition's system id
" t) B& k1 H  G, B+ E0 `       u   change display/entry units
       v   verify the partition table
       w   write table to disk and exit
       x   extra functionality (experts only)
) T( a, m! e' A+ M    Command (m for help): n
( X: p# h) p: x1 N2 _& d    Command action
5 S8 ]+ `' E' w: j+ H       e   extended
  H2 B0 ?; D& ~: ]; s( o* n7 x% c       p   primary partition (1-4)
$ n" X; c/ F. w6 p% ?    p
    Partition number (1-4): 1
    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
2 A2 S+ d) j( F* N, l    Using default value 1
    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
7 _+ Y: F4 S- i$ W$ z2 q3 I    Command (m for help): p
) E8 f# {0 A/ S" M    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
7 P  o# @% y8 V+ z& ~    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
/ n" ?! [# A  ?( d3 W/ e5 B- T4 x0 h       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
, S; t0 m  z5 W# K/ m6 |    Command (m for help): w
. _5 x# J* A3 c  a& e    The partition table has been altered!
- w3 h$ ^/ }5 j/ _# H    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
    Syncing disks.
1 l/ x2 X4 x; n$ {2 _5 o' ^    //格式化新分区
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1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
    Filesystem label=
4 o; u# ^+ L9 J1 l9 i/ K! \    OS type: Linux
    Block size=1024 (log=0)
    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
8 }: E3 v8 ]- J. X7 T& i    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
! n0 \% C5 h; `; Q2 q- V    First data block=1
! |' w# Y% @* `) M$ |3 `+ g    62 block groups
    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
    2040 inodes per group
    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
9 t) i+ |4 W* Z) X2 H- E            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
    Writing inode tables: done                           
' [% D* R# K, W. ^    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
& }! C4 `+ c' h8 M    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
$ C2 C& x  r# f& |5 f0 E    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
3 b; A8 R+ w9 t    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
, m0 W- H9 D- R8 g    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    //挂上新分区

1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
   
2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
, W7 Z0 A4 Z; g3 a3 t: B    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
6 u: K+ }* {# h1 B7 T" z; M    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
4 O; y: C& Z& |' y5 z, d9 T    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home
% P# [$ N! A. g' `) B
自动挂载：
$ |0 \! w% M  J' \' w" L% }, t

1.           vi /etc/fstab
   
2. 
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3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
   
4. 
   6 U# G6 J* z- s4 r; ~' H8 S7 P7 h
5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：

1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
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2. 
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3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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