linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
+ d- m5 `1 t: S: O# [. l      ...

1. df -k
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2. df -lh
   
3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
   

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
% c$ C3 \$ V- B4 ~$ N1 H    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
) |) x6 G4 m3 Z0 S. c$ f- x# p    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
# a! X* T1 w  j! D6 W' ?6 B    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
6 R% X4 w0 k9 K    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用
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1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
7 W+ Q& Y4 E% L* v    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
& D$ v6 J- m% A2 g5 W    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
    content won't be recoverable.
    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
4 c4 H2 Z5 a/ B: `9 \( [    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
5 P1 d3 p6 V6 ]  O/ o    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
7 k- J' I  w$ `; r* q    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
* D$ F& ]+ L2 `' y: ?       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
3 Y7 n* S- y: n: [5 Q    Command (m for help): p
6 L, W$ Y7 Q+ R7 A( \7 t, n    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
! G# b+ Q% `, k, m& y) F2 u$ v0 T    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
2 h' R. l# y# v# o+ f( p    Command (m for help): m
( s9 f8 n' K" n0 h0 g( z3 S4 u    Command action
5 Q6 v4 s6 y3 ~8 j1 N! x: z/ ~       a   toggle a bootable flag
       b   edit bsd disklabel
" A3 E4 U  c9 g" ?4 s       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
       d   delete a partition
" O9 a, K! I. f2 [       l   list known partition types
7 K, W0 ^! w, z1 V' O       m   print this menu
( d( @  w) s8 I2 A7 A       n   add a new partition
       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
       p   print the partition table
       q   quit without saving changes
8 S$ [) v& m* p" u- S) l       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
& S  m9 T  N# C% j7 R6 K4 ~9 |. s       t   change a partition's system id
" H% x& O  x. v; z- p" E       u   change display/entry units
       v   verify the partition table
       w   write table to disk and exit
       x   extra functionality (experts only)
9 n3 ^+ W" {4 F6 @1 j    Command (m for help): n
    Command action
       e   extended
       p   primary partition (1-4)
    p
    Partition number (1-4): 1
+ s# B. G3 i( b  Z    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
+ P. S$ f; c5 W( K! p) t' ^" {    Using default value 1
' z8 Z! c9 j" c7 D    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
3 N( S, p/ w$ a' U) o1 P    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
. k+ `; W0 w) q" T( P' Z       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
9 Z# ~# p4 u0 E' e6 P" k  J) e5 o    Command (m for help): w
7 B3 d( m9 v' ~" j# P    The partition table has been altered!
    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
* x6 b/ w9 n6 Y$ j: b    Syncing disks.
6 q, I- A- a% x8 [    //格式化新分区

1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
    Filesystem label=
. M% Z! y7 `& z    OS type: Linux
' `3 c6 J; p8 k+ J4 R" ?    Block size=1024 (log=0)
# F0 [5 m: u1 ?9 `+ j+ t. I' \    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
2 V2 Q. b# Q, U* R6 |    First data block=1
    62 block groups
    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
    2040 inodes per group
    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
    Writing inode tables: done                           
8 R# ^% g( e% Q0 c  P4 @" Z    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
% ]6 P: |  Y! D- S    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
1 Q2 y# }) x/ e1 u( i  C    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
2 A$ O7 O6 b  u  e    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
2 n4 w5 v1 I3 Z5 X% ^    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
9 j/ i+ G" ^" v$ M1 ~4 e: p    //挂上新分区
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1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
   
2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
  z; I  W+ G# Y; J  l    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
8 \3 C( D2 P! ?8 A/ t    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home

3 L. i. j* c, x自动挂载：

1.           vi /etc/fstab
   
2. 
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3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
   
4. 
   % E) D  [/ i) k
5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：
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1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
   
2. 
   
3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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