linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
2 l- {) n3 o& p. e      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
9 z9 E; v& z$ P: \, M      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
      ...
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1. df -k
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2. df -lh
   
3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
! {9 A3 X9 ^, t  G0 a    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
# x& S. H% d  I$ R& u" U% S6 R; G! i1 A    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
( o  h  ], _; I% {/ K    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用
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1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
" s: f. O$ g* F: Q" K( z    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
    content won't be recoverable.
6 [# T* I: m3 f% p  ]    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
( g6 K8 d. _1 h    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
$ O1 k% f0 p' \8 _5 I. T# G; Z4 [    Command (m for help): p
% y  u. X6 }/ L: R6 r# A+ a    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
7 u8 [  F- m4 \- }+ Q' S- Y9 |/ m! w    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
  g6 F' c2 ]  Y; m8 S    Command (m for help): m
    Command action
* r+ C# ~, l, r; X" z' A8 {1 x       a   toggle a bootable flag
/ w2 Q) A2 L+ u" Q5 R# X' V3 v  c       b   edit bsd disklabel
       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
       d   delete a partition
       l   list known partition types
       m   print this menu
& D  n* f* y; Y- b& C       n   add a new partition
8 a! p. Q1 L$ W5 k3 s- t" o/ d       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
       p   print the partition table
       q   quit without saving changes
# G' ^! u( a# P       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
       t   change a partition's system id
. T0 L' t/ r+ K4 Z8 z       u   change display/entry units
7 t! H+ ~: c" ^1 k% x% T       v   verify the partition table
1 k- W# C6 m/ J( @( A, f       w   write table to disk and exit
2 T* |# @- c: x; @9 O7 I4 H0 S3 G& y' A       x   extra functionality (experts only)
    Command (m for help): n
    Command action
- f; R% c+ B$ G5 m& F1 t5 X  Z       e   extended
       p   primary partition (1-4)
    p
    Partition number (1-4): 1
) u3 n& @' L3 i6 H    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
    Using default value 1
0 I" c9 y$ L% U, {    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
7 g& x/ U3 E6 P5 M% X9 a    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
& j; }8 m. f1 L0 f2 `. T$ H- z    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
6 r9 |' Z0 x& [" E$ w4 {  {    Command (m for help): w
3 u+ [* v# Y' A9 A; {, i    The partition table has been altered!
    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
1 g- q+ h. f  T+ G2 ~* T7 S    Syncing disks.
    //格式化新分区

1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
3 C: B; H3 |2 `: V4 ?, O% s    Filesystem label=
. H% \  Z) R& R: C$ V  a* I# D& Y" @, @    OS type: Linux
2 S( R) g8 ?$ j* B    Block size=1024 (log=0)
5 Y1 H3 i2 g- A7 l* t; W    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
- G0 c2 J0 _7 o" V0 ?5 z! O3 l5 b# t    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
7 l0 J) j0 S# R+ P4 \, h    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
    First data block=1
' ?8 \. g0 [9 u( Q    62 block groups
    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
6 C0 A8 U# A3 u. C# i    2040 inodes per group
" K) w, J$ K( a, F6 ~$ Y& N    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
    Writing inode tables: done                           
; n' ?) |( L: `' u* L1 E    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
+ w7 U0 W6 r: k: B) w; l3 J    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
9 i, z# o3 o% ~( O2 a  ?1 |    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
# {4 l) E1 d) _    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
0 p: {1 G+ a2 k6 f$ b    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    //挂上新分区
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1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
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2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
. Y. d6 _9 T0 O) i1 E5 M    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home
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自动挂载：
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1.           vi /etc/fstab
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2. 
   
3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
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4. 
   
5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：
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1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
   
2. 
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3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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