linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
0 n% x8 n  w8 m& L      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
8 f) a6 ]: Q/ `& y7 `      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
( |" U" q1 M& H: D" ]2 c# i      ...
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1. df -k
   # O. E+ X' y" s, Q2 \1 h+ c  s
2. df -lh
   
3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
   

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
/ D$ {8 `# Q( @    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用
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1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
7 G7 R3 w$ y" K# b6 c* w; _$ V    content won't be recoverable.
    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
4 `4 f' ^+ q8 w3 y  M0 F    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
2 T4 Q% [5 |) t, f' m3 a    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
' c' Y6 R0 X" K' t# K1 u    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
1 |, A% a" X  |8 J/ d5 h: b    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
& o- ~9 A7 ]2 Y8 s# k    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
4 w  K+ t3 O- ]8 i4 r: O4 j       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
  m1 W- f: C  w" I$ s5 F& I# L    Command (m for help): m
" Q5 U6 k" ]' U! o. p0 m" y' D    Command action
       a   toggle a bootable flag
) ?  g9 b! n' A. V5 `# T8 S# D       b   edit bsd disklabel
       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
       d   delete a partition
- \3 |. q( J* R1 o3 U) G1 l       l   list known partition types
  |5 n' v2 D1 w9 z' d# m& N       m   print this menu
       n   add a new partition
       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
       p   print the partition table
       q   quit without saving changes
: A( [% c/ R8 }$ N       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
       t   change a partition's system id
# W1 x$ L# |% Y% c* d  V; r       u   change display/entry units
8 M+ L5 B, ~, Q4 G( ?' e/ r* x       v   verify the partition table
       w   write table to disk and exit
       x   extra functionality (experts only)
2 i6 F) ]; O4 h* i* q. F- M/ L    Command (m for help): n
    Command action
       e   extended
       p   primary partition (1-4)
$ O/ p8 M) G3 X# I1 |3 ^. S0 p0 S    p
2 E9 i8 W" B8 Q& j' P    Partition number (1-4): 1
6 G9 `" _# Q% L' [* g+ h    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
    Using default value 1
    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
2 @. H" e- l% G  U* y7 x# ?    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
& Q8 C9 C2 n! Z: O* ~: d1 ]    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
0 g+ E8 D4 l( d    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
" G9 y) X( O7 d2 t- x6 G( A2 z       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
& L& V# p3 m4 j    Command (m for help): w
" O$ a+ c; s; {) K7 e    The partition table has been altered!
$ Q/ q+ Q, F( h  v: T  C2 @5 X    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
    Syncing disks.
    //格式化新分区

1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
, O* `- @3 w; x  W% ]5 L+ t    Filesystem label=
    OS type: Linux
    Block size=1024 (log=0)
    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
% a9 n$ ~/ a1 B; P; W/ M* r    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
    First data block=1
6 u- [* \( p& W& n9 O7 i2 X/ s6 B2 W    62 block groups
+ a/ f0 H3 p6 G8 P2 f    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
    2040 inodes per group
9 f  o# L( ]7 q4 }/ C2 H0 [    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
    Writing inode tables: done                           
( ^% O& d- K1 e. Q; u9 g    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
5 T8 Y, `1 x. J' P0 L( n! ]2 \    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
' D( [) T. d5 |7 U7 p# H4 q    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
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1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
% I" s) J3 e0 C    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
# t+ ]9 K# b$ Y1 C; R. ]    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    //挂上新分区
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1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
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2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
0 \5 J( y4 d* B" w* [    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
/ J' G" ^! i. N1 s6 J    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home
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自动挂载：

1.           vi /etc/fstab
   # ^/ B9 C% {4 \% W/ J6 A: p
2. 
   
3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
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4. 
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5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：
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1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
   
2. 
   # s( U+ R. V, f3 Z/ `/ M1 S
3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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