linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
$ m/ n  \% Z- D: R5 G      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
  O/ Y8 n- s6 _6 n* j, U      ...
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1. df -k
   
2. df -lh
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3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
- S: k& x: Q! o+ b; I0 u    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
8 O) u" S0 }6 I    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用
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1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
* H4 F& Z* q) z9 y1 c1 @: j  j    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
" \; N, z+ u, e    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
) u' Z: W2 q3 y) T# U    content won't be recoverable.
3 f. C" Y/ ]" t; [, _" `    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
5 e1 X6 S8 I# ]/ k    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
8 V0 L, W0 l/ e3 V    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
( g6 F" y1 ^$ p3 O4 c    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
9 h+ |6 v8 e1 D. J    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
. v2 M& `+ \. v, {5 J    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
" D% S* Z" z& H- D       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    Command (m for help): m
    Command action
9 n$ `& H+ x: q' p* R0 }% ?       a   toggle a bootable flag
       b   edit bsd disklabel
. o6 z! j* e# Q- _" Z       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
$ A/ G9 N8 m; |% `8 j: J* f# w       d   delete a partition
       l   list known partition types
7 }( b1 J& ^8 P+ @. E" j0 W. V/ `  [       m   print this menu
/ p9 |, W5 W2 }( E       n   add a new partition
: E; G7 m9 Y6 @  Q       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
       p   print the partition table
6 _( ?6 c9 @$ ]" |9 E       q   quit without saving changes
( X5 U- e( ~; c! a& b       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
       t   change a partition's system id
, y4 d; n, T4 x; c" K2 {0 Q       u   change display/entry units
       v   verify the partition table
       w   write table to disk and exit
       x   extra functionality (experts only)
9 e4 m  c4 S/ K9 b% `" |    Command (m for help): n
    Command action
       e   extended
       p   primary partition (1-4)
8 D/ g/ [  H- b$ F8 c2 D    p
! x; T& {" z5 Q9 C    Partition number (1-4): 1
1 N. B6 q6 _9 D6 e: S/ E% j    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
, W! v8 Y$ j& H    Using default value 1
; U: F" e5 G/ h' X8 I, Q6 }6 o+ N    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
' ]' F$ z4 r% p$ M2 R6 L/ s7 s% G    Command (m for help): p
+ N7 A- g- T' l1 q. I" l    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
/ S6 |* _& y0 p    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
1 q8 s1 C& d0 \, E9 Z  y       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
    Command (m for help): w
    The partition table has been altered!
) n- G/ e" F6 A4 t    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
& V+ d3 \8 H5 z, a0 P8 T    Syncing disks.
    //格式化新分区

1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
    Filesystem label=
    OS type: Linux
' j9 e6 O' R7 l6 X6 N    Block size=1024 (log=0)
    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
! R  e# F) C/ k1 M+ t    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
    First data block=1
    62 block groups
    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
    2040 inodes per group
8 Y! Z3 Z) p6 Z: q( k+ X' X5 h' ~/ D    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
+ }" S! \& p8 N. q    Writing inode tables: done                           
    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
1 C; [* i3 b5 [0 K7 u3 ~    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
# E7 j% l2 L1 V7 S$ [    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
* Q2 ^0 `- q# Y5 j+ f  K    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
! a/ ], n1 e- r2 K    //挂上新分区
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1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
   
2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
/ o, x  t/ i1 y* q/ W    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
- l! h0 b7 z  t/ X% h! X3 l    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
; c5 ]; w5 _7 {& q( X* v2 F+ _3 H    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home
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5 |% e7 h" u! Z* V9 E/ L自动挂载：

1.           vi /etc/fstab
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2. 
   
3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
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4. 
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5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：
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1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
   
2. 
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3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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