linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
4 P0 _+ @' E( d; |. v      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
1 d$ W! B$ P) q) k/ f' J+ ^% d      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
3 u  v2 ]7 ^& Q" _8 i& z  X% v" [      ...

1. df -k
   
2. df -lh
   
3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
   

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
0 s, X( {5 j' B8 L- a) _" n. t    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
/ v6 v1 j1 _2 k% ?    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用
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1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
6 b2 t2 g/ K' x# M    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
    content won't be recoverable.
    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
5 s# X+ R) ?4 |/ C, L    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
" q! V1 z: i4 p0 @# x7 l6 q4 @; e; x    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
# F  R- I0 v/ T( V4 [8 B- r    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
6 h% V& s) @1 k. P       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
    Command (m for help): p
6 W  w7 ]2 {2 p0 \3 U    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
& v  `$ p8 B0 I# x  ~7 `  v, n    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
: e9 x, }3 e8 Z8 B       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
8 Q& [$ }# u: O9 A& w4 W! U  z    Command (m for help): m
; k2 w+ e0 v  b3 U8 Z4 e: C' V    Command action
& |$ z3 d2 m) N5 E/ g       a   toggle a bootable flag
       b   edit bsd disklabel
       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
       d   delete a partition
       l   list known partition types
& m. z0 h: k: n/ s4 I1 {! v       m   print this menu
       n   add a new partition
) ]0 ?% m( X  B# w7 i: h( G       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
       p   print the partition table
       q   quit without saving changes
       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
; l* p: o' _+ G: h4 |- V9 q3 e       t   change a partition's system id
       u   change display/entry units
1 w3 ~; \7 i, R8 }* s& f! }: O       v   verify the partition table
  H8 O0 r( F! V+ k: O1 h3 k1 K' S% m       w   write table to disk and exit
8 K: P) r! j# v% P8 _3 r       x   extra functionality (experts only)
* U/ Z2 P! R; o$ ]" S    Command (m for help): n
    Command action
0 P# P4 u5 Y) X; @/ G/ k       e   extended
. P3 S0 w1 n' i! l: V9 o# N% C       p   primary partition (1-4)
    p
    Partition number (1-4): 1
    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
    Using default value 1
    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
    Command (m for help): w
: u% t# T& J7 W  E) U2 i0 x9 }    The partition table has been altered!
4 O9 L, R+ K1 I4 ]4 d1 H    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
    Syncing disks.
. z8 M) o( q4 ]: [    //格式化新分区
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1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
    Filesystem label=
    OS type: Linux
    Block size=1024 (log=0)
9 f' D. \& e0 P; k6 O; l  ^0 Y, c5 |    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
. [5 }7 n* s8 v5 M& V7 D    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
    First data block=1
0 S2 J: d$ M/ I- N- a. F. o- Y' r    62 block groups
    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
' c8 W" y& ^' v  b1 b    2040 inodes per group
0 z" D$ }2 @: o/ U, n    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
4 X3 k' C4 _" `9 A+ ?            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
) c1 u8 [# u% R! [    Writing inode tables: done                           
; S& b4 q! f3 D3 B0 U7 Y. ]    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
" J, d$ m7 z; L+ N  V0 H1 y    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
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1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
& M0 Y, N7 f) l' K' k9 C+ _1 J    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
4 p% P' `: P. o. [8 \, s    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
- L6 J1 a* x8 z1 a    //挂上新分区
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1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
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2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
1 q+ p2 E" ~1 o- w3 q: R: J    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home

( y& g- t$ K" F$ |1 `自动挂载：

1.           vi /etc/fstab
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2. 
   
3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
   
4. 
   
5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：
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1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
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2. 
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3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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