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[经验] linux下添加新硬盘方法

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发表于 2014-2-9 19:20:26 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  1. fdisk
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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
+ X% C/ ]" x' H      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)3 E& h3 X1 Q* o6 ]5 j# S
      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
, M+ ^$ ^  U2 H) F      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
! ^+ C7 q( m) P- o; ^6 D* P9 @; b      ...
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  1. df -k
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  2. df -lh9 B7 P4 Y; ]8 C; K8 h# V" n5 C
  3. 查看有几块硬盘:fdisk -l
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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
5 D$ P) Y! u. Y& s( U) b    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
9 M; H, g* U/ h( f3 e6 q2 E    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
3 S. a+ R4 l/ C. E# {& r    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
! O! f& {1 J1 B. Y: Q: J    对新硬盘分区,4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用
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  1. fdisk /dev/hda
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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
: `9 f( c* Q. o: L  Z0 |( y    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
  q9 V0 q! W7 _  x    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
( ~7 t5 a: A4 k8 j    content won't be recoverable.; K; w+ U, b# S
    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
! A' o( j5 u9 B/ z# D( `    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
+ e! e0 u5 s. f( N    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
5 g, r/ J4 J3 s* c- n8 E    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)5 Q9 V$ H" R/ ^* P8 s& i
    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
+ G' ^4 U8 A2 e  J% A# g" Z       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
+ y- i: P! Y) B/ r$ T" G$ n    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
( A4 R$ T/ Y7 x$ C+ E( d& G- Y    Command (m for help): p6 z, A/ B" S; b% [. `
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
8 @/ F: u0 x% D- ^! W* B    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders9 e- R/ j! X' B: K
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
* g/ l9 N) I6 x- e$ C" `, M* x$ F       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
" m. M5 w5 w9 w2 f* _  P    Command (m for help): m3 l) J  a/ B4 b5 Z
    Command action
/ I6 B0 B$ `& j" M" q1 R       a   toggle a bootable flag
' R% M9 u' z; [4 O       b   edit bsd disklabel1 v9 w2 @1 V7 Z
       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag: S0 H2 q" Z5 u, h: e
       d   delete a partition
# m* D  X% {2 ^       l   list known partition types2 J% p7 ?. N4 }6 T
       m   print this menu
/ ?8 Y- u; T' t; {! {       n   add a new partition
7 M* q! p* @! j$ e1 |       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
" h+ U' ^1 s: r* s. d5 h* [       p   print the partition table" m, _; a6 G' a4 z$ X1 W0 a
       q   quit without saving changes
/ u' R( F  g6 i6 h       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
7 o4 j1 x- ]1 C! O- o4 ~* ~  R       t   change a partition's system id  i3 {1 G7 H8 J  ~: Q* e
       u   change display/entry units0 {( g5 i4 c/ i# K- j
       v   verify the partition table% j/ o. b6 p: F. C* z
       w   write table to disk and exit9 |4 L  M, A) [+ O! A8 j
       x   extra functionality (experts only)
& b2 ^6 ~, g  ~) r6 x8 Y- E3 k    Command (m for help): n
0 z& F5 m- }+ t: U: g    Command action# g, h" \1 l- u. ~! D" f
       e   extended& z1 k: R6 }! L# t3 V4 y) {6 s- ?1 U
       p   primary partition (1-4)
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    Partition number (1-4): 1  J; }( M! t2 X- W6 u
    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1): / J+ Z1 T# C0 g3 K9 H
    Using default value 1# w" r. O* u, P; Q( i! K9 p
    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G9 a$ s4 y+ A8 V9 R# H, [3 Q
    Command (m for help): p
. [, C  `9 R# f) i- T    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes9 [9 r6 H; O8 q" u0 w* c, O
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders) e( w" W6 e8 e  @7 s9 t
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes' B7 i9 B" J" z0 U" z$ Q
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
+ ]0 G* r) |' @4 k' o) e7 Y7 [, N    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
: ]$ \- X4 B4 p% V5 [# L8 u    Command (m for help): w. m% t: X* V/ \
    The partition table has been altered!1 q: Y4 \4 D  Y8 k1 ^# C6 Q& n# [+ p
    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
- [4 U1 i1 b0 S! u! O    Syncing disks.# d/ c  l1 W; G1 B. v
    //格式化新分区% n& B, w3 Y: V& N
  1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1
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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)' L# N) G* ^8 [# {% u8 e
    Filesystem label=) n7 [7 a7 O: h! }
    OS type: Linux7 |+ J: u2 `& \7 V, k& {! d* N
    Block size=1024 (log=0)$ l1 Q- t/ h5 q( s0 s( T# O
    Fragment size=1024 (log=0); n, N- s4 j" u- s9 N
    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
& r6 [& M% a$ Y4 r5 h. Y    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
5 i* O$ n( k4 j7 S! n  r    First data block=1
$ z, h0 h( O) I' g1 c; T    62 block groups
  o& U2 |# h$ t% g% ?    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
/ q% a8 x* C4 G, B    2040 inodes per group9 U6 ~" t2 n% h/ \0 a5 I( Z8 ~2 d
    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
( I$ _, u9 w8 C2 {' @& a            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
' I( l4 p: N% `6 A# z% m    Writing inode tables: done                           
1 `  k' s( w& B1 J6 E/ A- z+ a, q* \9 n    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
5 y  S- F% Z/ C& |1 ^2 A- E    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
" `! b. k  e% ^6 }    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
0 h( y( i2 \/ O3 f+ n  m    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
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  1. df -k
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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
* L+ R4 a6 |& [! H    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
8 y3 P# p! W# X    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot) H' H3 ~( A# m4 d/ y( L. o7 w# X' r
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
# [) V; {) o* t5 J    //挂上新分区
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  1. mount /dev/hda1 /home# N$ S0 k% i/ m# N$ {. f1 P- h
  2. df -k
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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
! W! z+ L  p% @3 Y. H% z$ R    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /! @# n( v# g- ~% G
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot2 d( d& F8 i( ]( {
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
' H) [7 A" J3 E6 h' v# V    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home
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  |$ R$ S/ \  g1 G  E$ L/ Y, N自动挂载:* ^! e9 {; ]6 E6 B
  1.           vi /etc/fstab
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  2.   \! ]3 M7 J& ?% o, @
  3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
    5 [9 K" O9 ~- U& d  Y( D

  4. 3 Y( S. P5 V0 l. C- K) d* m$ x0 z( d
  5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0
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手动挂载:. L+ K% P- g3 B( o8 N2 e1 R
  1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1! r' p. V8 h% Y$ t- Q) b3 u
  2. - T! z: T8 @4 h  ?7 p; w; s
  3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2
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