linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
' _9 X4 e+ x* R3 [' M/ a- T$ D* v. o      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
- l5 x# P# n3 f* t6 y$ `$ L      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
      ...

1. df -k
   
2. df -lh
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3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
  e& U- I3 r& W8 Q2 w7 Y1 N5 {    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
! p+ U: F0 v5 N3 b) c& N    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用
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1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
5 `: G0 D3 I) W% g2 K/ P* e: c    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
    content won't be recoverable.
    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
6 g5 C4 m" G: z5 _0 M* i/ |    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
' o: o0 ~. c6 p. I, o9 T1 _    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
, E/ l/ b) [$ K. A# a       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
    Command (m for help): p
( |$ h1 R2 D7 F* G    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
9 v$ V2 @' d- n( S) S. ]# H5 ]% L* A    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
$ q) s2 p; p2 B" h5 o    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
& x3 B% Z; g8 R  j# L1 ]; l; I$ q    Command (m for help): m
) G7 O+ p& ^6 U/ J8 M- q4 H    Command action
2 f9 u0 G; E9 b. }( J, M- O) ?. F  L       a   toggle a bootable flag
       b   edit bsd disklabel
       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
' r, Z, @) \( u% T       d   delete a partition
+ G0 {: k$ L7 F# I1 B       l   list known partition types
       m   print this menu
" \; x* w! E% d) q: B8 K/ s- n       n   add a new partition
       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
4 H) C/ C% w- u) N" j) }7 j       p   print the partition table
9 \. R+ f; N: c% D       q   quit without saving changes
       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
; G/ K- i$ i. F. Z& ?" t       t   change a partition's system id
       u   change display/entry units
       v   verify the partition table
, a( j  L! u/ G+ B; l  }       w   write table to disk and exit
       x   extra functionality (experts only)
    Command (m for help): n
) Z! s4 h! C% m! M% Z+ S7 u! p/ W" E    Command action
. B0 V5 s$ |8 |$ [       e   extended
5 i& c; m( H- d" ~6 f; ~) a  V       p   primary partition (1-4)
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    Partition number (1-4): 1
6 Q" z' I6 ~+ v! ]# \    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
* N! A* H1 ]0 h. T    Using default value 1
    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
    Command (m for help): p
; \+ ~) y$ s! G    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
( P' W5 n5 R  T2 T    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
/ V) J+ m& ]: w  F+ L) W       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
! m  C; B* g- o. {  V. |4 T    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
; c6 G$ s: c+ E! n0 N# H# X    Command (m for help): w
    The partition table has been altered!
    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
; e$ |6 A' _' Y5 U    Syncing disks.
    //格式化新分区
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1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
) C" T( ]/ w5 W5 S& v, H8 N    Filesystem label=
+ i+ K' O0 o3 m8 x- ]+ H% Q    OS type: Linux
    Block size=1024 (log=0)
- E2 A- i: o3 T% U& h6 G    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
( D8 v+ C. k8 D' m( o    First data block=1
( h7 N. n  ^* c) A8 O! _8 x    62 block groups
    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
    2040 inodes per group
/ ^9 O0 j4 N: {4 J( P1 f( L    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
8 U. {! [3 ^0 J* i0 }9 j0 e( K            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
    Writing inode tables: done                           
    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
9 y6 M& Y7 V0 b! y& u- j8 [3 D    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
% m% W1 ~2 _3 e% |$ J& u1 y. L- i    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
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1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
# K; i% _2 I/ S6 I# b: p/ e4 x    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
7 I$ E& r% ?5 B$ p0 w0 ^( a    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    //挂上新分区

1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
   
2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
" Y9 R: H  s# z5 {, N    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home

* I9 l% P1 L! E3 O8 g& |4 ?* c- h0 ]自动挂载：
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1.           vi /etc/fstab
   
2. 
   
3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
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4. 
   
5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：
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1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
   
2. 
   
3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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