linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
6 [  q( v+ Z' r$ v( E: X8 q& G! M      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
$ w5 @$ G9 }, {3 }  r7 y* E4 N      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
      ...

1. df -k
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2. df -lh
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3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
" T3 U, O) z; t( M. C' {    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用
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1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
: c; A, M5 `2 W3 h# k* ?    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
. V( Z  o8 V, y: H  J8 l. V  ?7 R    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
! ]! O' L6 r& q1 M    content won't be recoverable.
    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
! v. j+ T  m! ]- H  W; O    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
3 H. {1 ~: {- [7 l  V6 `3 R# [9 j    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
' z- ?2 [1 X8 |" g; y       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
. ]5 T- a1 H. B! @) j+ f    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
' ^  |5 O% h8 V: ~. Z0 b! H$ d4 u5 M       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    Command (m for help): m
  c: _6 D, N& K1 \7 S    Command action
. b; ?2 }+ m* p% p' ]       a   toggle a bootable flag
       b   edit bsd disklabel
  X/ U% A3 }2 S       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
       d   delete a partition
* B/ ~1 Q1 ~1 h4 r       l   list known partition types
       m   print this menu
7 c7 p: V/ a3 b2 a  u       n   add a new partition
       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
# z: l1 L$ U& T9 Y& D; p" c* J       p   print the partition table
       q   quit without saving changes
       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
       t   change a partition's system id
       u   change display/entry units
% ~/ o5 M" T( O4 R/ f- Y/ o       v   verify the partition table
       w   write table to disk and exit
+ a+ n& h5 q9 L( @0 i) C1 l       x   extra functionality (experts only)
    Command (m for help): n
    Command action
0 w3 C* z2 X) F) H! g3 y4 Q/ a: g       e   extended
       p   primary partition (1-4)
    p
4 i5 |* k' _$ Z6 Q% R4 E$ m6 e    Partition number (1-4): 1
" [& A3 M8 g& c4 L+ {: n+ Z    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
    Using default value 1
; Y" o: _. w! J- i+ N( x+ t    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
! A, N2 U0 d' p; J    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
% S4 O& s0 G" f3 L) t: ?$ D    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
2 ?7 u" @3 [' ?( }# V: o       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
% ^, v2 s; p1 y4 a# D0 Z    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
    Command (m for help): w
4 d; B" N1 M- P1 y; {    The partition table has been altered!
4 P- V4 B* c* T2 C    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
    Syncing disks.
; P+ d; V1 X/ X; H& K    //格式化新分区
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1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
! x* ?% y. r- d8 U' Z0 _' q    Filesystem label=
    OS type: Linux
, I. a' x5 X) n8 X- E    Block size=1024 (log=0)
    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
    First data block=1
    62 block groups
    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
* E' r1 V1 `) ^' S3 V1 M    2040 inodes per group
! A; |! A" I1 j* ~7 W' a: P    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
2 ?* b# Y8 ?6 \0 c: J9 ]8 O    Writing inode tables: done                           
2 O5 R" e( K- E, r: m3 o) T4 w9 m    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
7 @- Q) s1 ?) K8 T2 R1 F0 z    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
7 ]: @4 c2 c2 U) C7 d' P: |: z    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
* H% ]1 L5 }- R  o) @' I    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
: G5 v/ }6 y' `/ K, A& v, i3 ?) _    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    //挂上新分区

1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
     Z# f$ ~+ u! F) R
2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
* m3 d# N1 b9 ^3 z. A+ ?    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home
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自动挂载：

1.           vi /etc/fstab
   
2. 
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3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
   
4. 
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5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：

1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
   
2. 
   
3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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