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[经验] linux下添加新硬盘方法

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发表于 2014-2-9 19:20:26 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  1. fdisk
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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)- W$ W- w* V. P* [- I
      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
5 C" y) t( q6 W) c- [; e' I      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)% D' w8 t0 f" b' E- j
      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)2 Z0 k3 n" b' [0 q
      ...% B( g3 a1 Z; \/ ]
  1. df -k
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  2. df -lh# H& b9 K2 ^. r7 i8 l7 |
  3. 查看有几块硬盘:fdisk -l
    7 T; v; [  ]! L0 X8 v1 x" h
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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
. V% Z& R. f( N) t/ ~& w    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /! A3 ^% s. q/ f6 |+ z5 c
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
9 `" O/ l. j( D    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
2 U+ Y* d, N; }' }. |' D    对新硬盘分区,4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用
# y1 e2 a1 c" F
  1. fdisk /dev/hda
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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
* T+ k1 j' q( r* X4 a; t& l    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,' `" }9 w9 C3 E, t4 [1 M8 v: e; y
    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous. Q2 i0 g; U6 V8 `) f5 c
    content won't be recoverable.9 q; p: h# k! ?. r' A
    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
2 n3 t; H) E% i. ]" c    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,& C% J* ~5 b. v. k
    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
2 f+ u/ m3 w2 P; w0 f1 p: ^3 ?    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
5 B# A' a' o! m5 g    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs  B& r3 F9 M* R1 r$ `  n: r
       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)% y+ ]" n- I4 R# ?
    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
$ J( i- E* @7 S8 V+ D7 t    Command (m for help): p! e# [7 |6 z, D  h4 D+ h+ m7 \
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes. [: b, g" j1 J+ W% s
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
1 Z/ W9 S" b+ y! x9 G2 N' S    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
- K% i- N% w% w7 S8 u) l# o. T3 w% w3 n       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System- O& @; g+ ~2 ^' c. ]% _; v% t
    Command (m for help): m
2 c4 \' }! F+ D) {8 K9 h    Command action9 B1 y# B. o" G
       a   toggle a bootable flag. r, n9 M( [3 o; V' Z6 `% x0 `. D
       b   edit bsd disklabel
% N4 g7 u$ U$ Z4 d% a0 L5 p, f$ j       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
  h# b$ i2 |4 Y/ A; f       d   delete a partition
9 e6 H& U, _& p' T       l   list known partition types
5 j9 O. Y8 c+ Y( o; L; A       m   print this menu- J+ g) T/ W) s5 n+ V  m
       n   add a new partition
  J' t; C% w+ E' Q* ]6 `       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
$ J, A, [+ R4 X' h2 L3 g9 _       p   print the partition table
6 m2 w1 W' h* C. ^. l: t0 n- X       q   quit without saving changes  Q6 `& O* ?: Q/ F6 |! H$ N& q
       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
, d' q5 P$ w6 [. d% `0 a       t   change a partition's system id
  |* m2 W, E+ a       u   change display/entry units
. N- J8 p: P$ N% X( G) ^% ~: P% j       v   verify the partition table
. F  A, x* |" \, M# P       w   write table to disk and exit
, ?6 d* h* K9 h4 F, M( u6 d       x   extra functionality (experts only)
8 }$ S# S4 k/ n8 E6 g; Y    Command (m for help): n
5 o- ]7 s! @% a/ F8 J/ y    Command action
! \4 y% L) U  ?6 [( c       e   extended/ B6 n/ U' `: j& J
       p   primary partition (1-4)
( N, `+ ]  q8 X6 g    p
, U$ F$ q( U& d2 K    Partition number (1-4): 10 ?2 o( _& {& \- q" y9 x% ~: W
    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
' \) e9 ]' B1 v    Using default value 1
9 I5 W9 v$ S, L; c    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G. B' s* i, A% x. S9 H3 v- n  E# B  o" T
    Command (m for help): p
, k5 I. b+ Q, {7 ^4 }: k    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes. s4 x) u$ R' e8 k7 n
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
, M2 u3 s& k4 a    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes' \/ h- B7 @" R! W/ }
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
5 x/ d4 _6 o" o3 c3 Q0 e    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux' T2 `! O0 Q9 w- Q9 d
    Command (m for help): w, i6 @' Z! v  g) \/ [: k# ~$ ]
    The partition table has been altered!
) K5 ^! k' P1 k4 N    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.4 \1 u7 N/ z2 S4 Z
    Syncing disks.
( E6 k. O# d/ |# d0 `* v    //格式化新分区$ C$ a/ d- V; a( ]/ j0 f
  1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1
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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
4 ]2 o+ n0 ]7 p+ T. b/ h- u, l    Filesystem label=
( {- S4 J! _2 H% n( ]3 g' [( C    OS type: Linux
2 k& x$ D( B- w+ X/ Q: J  G    Block size=1024 (log=0)6 W2 F+ k, m' A8 h1 ^* J, {+ v
    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
3 C* I- _1 @# W  V    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
0 \2 m0 D1 v' ]; s% r  w% J6 x' T/ @0 s    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
$ r& b1 y: \) D' }    First data block=1
0 W8 t9 i+ }0 D    62 block groups
! T2 q8 }, q# ?' D( S    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group8 C% V6 N: e& W7 T, G3 i
    2040 inodes per group8 E  q6 x' g( U" ^3 D
    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
9 j# K9 a: E, ^' M            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
+ B3 p% Q. o7 j# J, L6 R4 @* ^0 O    Writing inode tables: done                            ! b% g# C8 K1 h- f# G
    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done/ Q8 r3 J3 i9 S& L4 u4 g* V( T" Y
    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done9 T& Z7 t+ T- X6 v; U+ v: S
    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or9 z+ \3 e2 d2 A3 o
    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
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  1. df -k
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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
2 }* B' ?+ A2 A. v) v  @" y9 g    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
/ N( ~# M0 A3 b3 |: X    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
% W  H0 ], c# Y2 P" |    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm0 p: L9 [1 f3 s5 P. j
    //挂上新分区
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  1. mount /dev/hda1 /home" \* I2 J% _- k& ?: V" l
  2. df -k
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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
! Z0 J# Q* f# y5 L6 a1 s! \3 I    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /2 Z* C0 E& x5 N: y- q6 U
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot( I; L( o! N& X2 t4 X: \4 e3 Y
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm8 d( A/ ^& a& B" o( K
    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home: _" M. H" p/ l/ O& w/ X

5 n! [- v% I8 m! g: }! C* x自动挂载:
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  1.           vi /etc/fstab+ ?- L  M. J6 d5 |  z! o0 w: H
  2. 7 L; [- z2 _4 e* }
  3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0  V4 m$ [* a" b8 G5 o, i
  4. $ L4 T  }; q; j) F
  5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0
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手动挂载:0 f& D" A: J  o- A1 |9 u
  1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1( l9 ?3 b- [9 M

  2. " O3 q, ]( [0 E3 E- O+ ~1 n+ Y
  3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2
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