linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
* f: s3 x) W! v- x3 O2 |      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
      ...

1. df -k
   
2. df -lh
   
3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
4 c, S. w* |( {2 T$ N$ K    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
5 k( g# `# _9 k: @3 f) `: b    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
+ r# N* h3 T% J/ x  ]; |6 T    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用
7 E" y, X6 m9 r4 y" |  P+ d

1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
5 x; o1 W& x; x  ^( n* I    content won't be recoverable.
( H; w5 b1 U( `% I/ P0 f, K: h    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
! X) j8 F: _7 M& B3 [! [    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
+ Z- H' [8 @7 O# W# [2 Y    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
) W9 H4 l7 G( ^. m- O  y    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
2 q) h5 |3 K/ v& h0 s       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
% t: G$ a# ]& }7 l! T% X    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
    Command (m for help): p
5 _+ A* @% v) d! P* b7 x    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
) r. Z& r, {& k% a       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
! v0 d# a1 Z& ~! T    Command (m for help): m
    Command action
! k4 A8 m; g' z) }       a   toggle a bootable flag
       b   edit bsd disklabel
       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
       d   delete a partition
       l   list known partition types
* }8 a' ~* d: T& T! X8 M       m   print this menu
       n   add a new partition
       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
       p   print the partition table
% V- i2 A$ k2 H0 G. d7 K8 S/ ?4 ~       q   quit without saving changes
       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
       t   change a partition's system id
       u   change display/entry units
$ ]7 n+ J* A- r5 p. ~3 @# D: x" `       v   verify the partition table
2 ^5 O3 w' [7 X/ `- v7 `7 R       w   write table to disk and exit
' |1 H; T, e/ F- C4 k$ I& U$ E       x   extra functionality (experts only)
/ G. J3 @2 w/ ?+ ~  v* C) s    Command (m for help): n
$ b5 [: V6 ^* ^4 W, `9 h+ E: @& h) O    Command action
       e   extended
$ K% w* d1 r0 x) R6 q; T       p   primary partition (1-4)
    p
) [( F6 W+ i- P% }    Partition number (1-4): 1
    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
    Using default value 1
# U/ M) t, K/ E    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
+ M  o5 J% X. Y0 ]- M1 a    Command (m for help): p
, R: e3 ]  M6 r' j8 l3 K7 \    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
% w; ~' Z' ^8 ?, P  T0 W; \    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
* Q( d5 q4 R6 X+ g& k       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
- q: p7 ~4 X, F% t, s. }: F+ p    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
    Command (m for help): w
    The partition table has been altered!
    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
    Syncing disks.
    //格式化新分区

1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
( {" i4 W2 R* g+ t    Filesystem label=
    OS type: Linux
    Block size=1024 (log=0)
    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
7 V8 I, k& e: ^; F+ t! ^6 H    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
+ U2 T/ C# O" [0 ]% o/ [    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
2 A* p% H) Z0 W; E' T, P    First data block=1
, P% ^8 }2 ?+ M3 ]* W8 n1 f    62 block groups
    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
    2040 inodes per group
    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
+ p* H$ b* j  v" H6 b9 B    Writing inode tables: done                           
    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
2 F. p% J- B2 m9 A0 l$ R# K3 O7 G7 D    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
$ O8 [# `" ^* ^# k* B3 L& A    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
8 Q. u, z3 _+ H. @2 m" D    //挂上新分区
2 [8 {" [2 K1 M' U( A- f

1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
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2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
9 \7 \" I- A4 L$ u    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home
& ]; s% ?6 I1 {% a
自动挂载：
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1.           vi /etc/fstab
   % }* l; W8 A9 B. x- X- c1 E
2. 
   6 i' |0 a) A- r- v$ ?' f% ?
3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
   
4. 
   8 `1 x) @7 [8 [; S
5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：

1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
   
2. 
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3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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5 ?$ x4 W% i8 U7 A$ S; u
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