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[经验] linux下添加新硬盘方法

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发表于 2014-2-9 19:20:26 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  1. fdisk
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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
6 O7 h! q' c, M; T9 I1 p      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
, J5 v- Q! [0 X' o2 A9 Q+ x7 L0 z      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)3 k2 r! s+ ?% U$ o4 K
      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
2 E$ P0 n( }/ ^2 e- o( S1 ]+ i      ...
3 D" o# ?* T" P) T: {9 R
  1. df -k' Z  i  W% |" a8 k
  2. df -lh+ a" u. c' F2 V! D* v; `& m& h
  3. 查看有几块硬盘:fdisk -l+ g0 r1 w% H& _7 X9 g
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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
1 M; u9 J, G, x7 m9 g    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
' B. {4 U  \; q- r  \7 {    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot) A* Q  m# M" U$ A9 s$ q! ]5 g0 _& U
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm) I8 X- G5 R2 G; f* Y
    对新硬盘分区,4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用# j$ ^  F' o- }: _) \) p" M) J
  1. fdisk /dev/hda
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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
& K+ u/ L* k9 }2 @    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,) f) L2 i  f' g" n
    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous* g6 Z8 N% F5 Z1 R0 I$ |; M" v6 \
    content won't be recoverable.
+ a1 r: D+ L. W( m2 I    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
9 P' `+ C' h( p% f: E    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
, T8 }7 O  s0 M    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
) F9 m1 Z+ q3 p4 V5 a4 S1 s    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)/ ~. K/ g& Z6 d  ]
    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
6 a  e9 f& L& y2 `       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
% @, m" j" j3 h$ K. O  a# n    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
3 k" w! F$ z/ a: }8 w/ U2 Y    Command (m for help): p
: k' K/ z% M  v# o* |    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
1 A0 h3 u8 s/ l: c    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders$ ^+ {; o( f: ]. Q# O7 s8 [
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes  ?. r  z- b/ Q$ D4 Y8 [
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
2 E$ [( P1 Q- M5 e8 L    Command (m for help): m
1 l, b% l# f, Y) l& a    Command action. _# O6 o: \  [, u
       a   toggle a bootable flag
9 A; F* |  t8 O. h  S- ?1 f0 f6 v8 D       b   edit bsd disklabel1 C: {' r1 ]6 T' V: P6 _$ c- P
       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag) y9 H0 N1 k/ o' m6 m% }9 r0 O
       d   delete a partition
5 {* e3 a% E7 _5 L4 Z9 I/ ~3 u; |; _$ O       l   list known partition types$ {+ C5 N4 F8 t0 ~( G! p
       m   print this menu
/ `* c) K" o6 z3 N0 Z7 c* N5 Y       n   add a new partition" a/ u2 Y4 v4 f+ x5 K- O
       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
6 {# z5 z* o+ u       p   print the partition table
8 V: v& U# K' w0 t       q   quit without saving changes
8 H: F7 q3 m, k. O+ J! G       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel, z. h7 J9 R+ K! A
       t   change a partition's system id
+ p2 b. O  D, T0 Y& \  m* r& V7 x       u   change display/entry units4 C  I& s4 d* ]/ k% u% `# M# M
       v   verify the partition table+ o  D( U/ y. V/ I- R! `; _
       w   write table to disk and exit7 d  v- W9 B5 B" }2 w7 a% p
       x   extra functionality (experts only): i/ W8 G( z$ E$ Y" P8 ?
    Command (m for help): n
  V$ Z$ c! F5 r- b& \2 Q    Command action
8 _+ C  O+ J0 D/ N( v       e   extended
, f+ {- [7 z% p6 D* U% b* x1 ]       p   primary partition (1-4)+ W7 y' X( m5 ^/ [
    p* @4 t0 ?, S$ x) S
    Partition number (1-4): 1. O, n, V( Q6 ~, @6 ~7 v1 C) n& z
    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1): . v1 F: X2 Z/ n
    Using default value 1
# b- n8 Q+ D& o& m7 `$ u5 q; |    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G6 S, s$ t: |# h  y
    Command (m for help): p: K8 [) M! n& U$ H
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes: i4 t! O# U. A8 ]$ C
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders5 O$ ^" H0 T" v8 ~4 Y' v7 t
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes2 F* J& W  B2 I5 L, |% G! V  W
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System" ]' s& {- E: N# F; v3 Q* J) f
    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
/ l- W( V$ ~5 m% ]    Command (m for help): w# e; e& I  Q6 Q' j( M
    The partition table has been altered!
- l8 }' U( c# I: n    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.5 j: N2 T: ^; I( t) o
    Syncing disks.( o3 D  V1 c4 v& s; G* [
    //格式化新分区
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  1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1
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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)+ a( E5 P% F) T( k3 c
    Filesystem label=
5 w  z! Z4 X5 m: u" P  _  r* u    OS type: Linux  t6 f0 Y& R7 w4 N, A' m
    Block size=1024 (log=0)6 p, @3 M) t% l: m
    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
5 k# \' X7 U. ]7 Z    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
  ?( O- d# k% v+ {+ h! H* ?, r    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
$ x" d' a& G8 d% {    First data block=1
& ]$ x5 U. Y! @: h+ |! b" n    62 block groups
! h, y, Y- M) y4 V% K9 n7 J* ~1 d* ^( y    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group7 w% G9 F. U# D# _, N' V5 Z& D
    2040 inodes per group
0 [7 U$ C+ a- u    Superblock backups stored on blocks: ! d! A  [) s* k( s% m3 e5 l' s
            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
! T7 e. E9 z7 x8 t2 |. m  z    Writing inode tables: done                           
, H9 G  G( H( {# u5 r    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done* G2 ^6 [0 U* q2 S- V) c+ V
    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
* g# Y' O* k; M9 |$ ]    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or  i) \8 `' K4 m- O& e6 G
    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
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  1. df -k
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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点% ^; R" l( l( K7 R2 `4 T- G
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /: w& ]4 s2 `" A" ^8 Q9 u- Q
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot: Y; Z8 X: G1 \6 D
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
2 e+ ~9 ]$ j  J4 k    //挂上新分区* V' x0 V  ]: \" h
  1. mount /dev/hda1 /home" T2 u5 Q- J$ \
  2. df -k
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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
# d1 K9 `2 b' R    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
: F) U: y+ C$ x    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
1 l8 M/ B1 I6 n5 R1 X+ {3 T    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
# n. C1 k! v+ h1 M& S+ \% I. {& g    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home
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1 F, X3 I, q0 r/ d  F+ E自动挂载:& n5 d3 n7 V5 l; r! G
  1.           vi /etc/fstab) [1 E6 ?; t3 B2 W& Q$ R1 V6 K
  2. + f- u. v4 i8 D' a7 }8 X
  3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0' j6 G' g0 [$ f" k
  4. 4 S: f) t: g0 p. G1 p
  5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0
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手动挂载:
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  1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
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  2. " S" l* c! s$ c* P
  3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2
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