linux下添加新硬盘方法

admin

1. fdisk

复制代码

Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
; W0 T( K9 K- }# i      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
( F7 z$ ]& z" X% {  L      ...
  l6 s* W# o; y3 I( G6 Z

1. df -k
   , t1 `* k3 ^% i! F6 A' ~/ s7 K
2. df -lh
   6 v$ ^0 h, \7 Z8 R! s  Z$ R7 W
3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
   1 ?4 w1 w1 G/ y& n/ f

复制代码

文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
& `! W1 N% F. K, n/ D% V    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
! o% M9 C: ^2 B6 f* x    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
  S4 u* B, C4 B; v4 e% Z/ h    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用

1. fdisk /dev/hda

复制代码

Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
7 r" f) c' p9 ~3 {    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
$ O+ E1 K/ V" g- r9 c    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
, S- |( L4 v( |/ s! _7 t    content won't be recoverable.
2 h4 Q1 o0 n+ p3 v    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
7 d) T) J& }$ O) e* V+ V    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
0 }- p8 M6 g- a8 C' G: V    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
0 r7 h* l1 {& _- W0 O    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
, G/ f& Z1 S: Z- e" I       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
    Command (m for help): p
3 I6 [% d( o* V, V% R7 x1 u' i    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
; ~9 _1 J% [& U/ {4 B       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
, z' s( ^# t' I    Command (m for help): m
5 Z/ y+ V& ^: [6 \: e# e9 @    Command action
       a   toggle a bootable flag
% [* M" }0 u% s0 i) t" l       b   edit bsd disklabel
9 ^! J2 z4 t! c  ~! D: P% I       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
$ @. B* P( p! q/ |7 z2 D/ F8 X+ k       d   delete a partition
       l   list known partition types
       m   print this menu
9 t' a, |: R2 E( D       n   add a new partition
       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
( E5 M6 X! u9 \* W  Z3 Y       p   print the partition table
9 R$ r( D* b% L5 A/ ~/ A& f       q   quit without saving changes
7 e" j, j) y/ i3 ~& `       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
       t   change a partition's system id
       u   change display/entry units
! ~" \+ ]1 j/ D8 n: I4 @3 N- W       v   verify the partition table
       w   write table to disk and exit
% p3 C: L  b) U7 d: F' J       x   extra functionality (experts only)
    Command (m for help): n
    Command action
- R: z0 M: ^" [5 d       e   extended
       p   primary partition (1-4)
: P0 O( _8 M/ ^& B: Y- G2 u: ~    p
0 r1 G; v4 A9 l' ]! H/ K- v    Partition number (1-4): 1
    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
( B. k8 E8 X- a: [    Using default value 1
9 f$ `) A8 D* D1 c5 W' J; I    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
+ Q* \) s0 z( P' A7 v, k- v' o    Command (m for help): p
0 U) e0 |# C& r+ m    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
" G+ f* ^; y' I! R7 K    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
1 `' }4 U& i5 j" f* t    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
    Command (m for help): w
    The partition table has been altered!
+ H' i# P3 ]' L; y    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
    Syncing disks.
- J- ]4 `! P* {9 s" |4 I/ C    //格式化新分区
4 P6 u6 o' g) _, K& D& J

1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

复制代码

mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
    Filesystem label=
8 I' j0 }6 q1 c. e    OS type: Linux
    Block size=1024 (log=0)
    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
2 b# j* R" K- g" e    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
$ ^( r7 v  F2 L  Y    First data block=1
: o4 v( ~( C+ w( t& c; A$ o' A    62 block groups
/ e- y: W) N4 E0 R    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
    2040 inodes per group
    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
8 G# F" U/ L7 c' g* a            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
- X, X3 k6 _! z    Writing inode tables: done                           
    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
! ?% L8 H2 Q7 m9 V  I    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
3 [/ \8 i7 x& |    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
6 c- v& w5 o  B( W: r

1. df -k

复制代码

文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
, U9 ?( o' x+ E  K  b) P4 P7 h    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
- `+ P' h4 s- {% b3 d0 Y9 \, v& T! b- q    //挂上新分区
0 e  k0 K1 z5 U  e  t# Z1 a  {/ u3 }

1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
   4 F3 N' c  s& _* t
2. df -k

复制代码

文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home

: y: v0 q. ^+ n% l自动挂载：
' V& j5 a# j5 r, H. q2 o

1.           vi /etc/fstab
   ' h! s6 Y* r( ^2 ^+ C) T  h1 w
2. 
   
3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
   
4. 
   0 J! ~+ r" v4 W2 I( ^1 B
5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

复制代码

手动挂载：

1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
   
2. 
   + ]3 U$ ~' I$ F8 K' D; [0 [' q3 M+ y
3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

复制代码

8 g, O2 P0 P  R* P: Z4 L. j* I

6 d8 }: ^- y0 V. U4 B3 A