linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
  a# Y  ^/ r- a  p# y      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
7 ]/ V/ }( r' {: M* u  R6 J( T/ @      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
1 C% a, |  b- k* l5 K      ...
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1. df -k
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2. df -lh
   
3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
   

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
( k4 F7 `$ @! |( ]0 Q- [    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
# n! W8 C4 [- n' P' c4 }/ ]- F1 |    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
$ }3 k2 X6 O! u4 g9 J2 r    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用
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1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
6 R* K* b# c. C. R6 x+ ?    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
) n4 t8 R8 V! }, a/ m) A6 h! H7 Q    content won't be recoverable.
    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
, }2 ^- B: v/ S6 F    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
5 h5 C; h3 P4 k9 G    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
5 C, O$ L9 a$ h7 H    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
  E5 {# T4 w  G/ C" J5 `$ H" S    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
    Command (m for help): p
$ V+ G$ d' |$ Z: ^3 b) O& F& w    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
' j$ B, \; V% l! K    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
8 Y, x; \* F' x" g& p- _       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
" i9 X5 B7 [  n( x    Command (m for help): m
: k: w7 R3 Q2 K5 X6 l) g    Command action
, l/ _- e! }3 O, e$ a" f( h       a   toggle a bootable flag
       b   edit bsd disklabel
       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
       d   delete a partition
8 Z+ ~8 q; N$ \7 S3 _& _       l   list known partition types
       m   print this menu
       n   add a new partition
       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
0 W8 k2 k. t/ I: G$ D0 |7 r       p   print the partition table
6 n1 M$ B/ F) a1 e, W3 B) h       q   quit without saving changes
       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
       t   change a partition's system id
' Y! V* g3 ~7 V7 [' ]% q9 d5 C       u   change display/entry units
       v   verify the partition table
& l  e( P. e! s) S       w   write table to disk and exit
! ]5 q* k8 R$ C6 x' v2 y; b' Y: m; \       x   extra functionality (experts only)
; T1 W9 q; A5 \    Command (m for help): n
0 J/ j3 H' p9 {$ {! h) ^  j    Command action
       e   extended
+ V7 m5 a# ]) s; r0 h' h( k       p   primary partition (1-4)
& E, t! h! D  f2 O, \    p
% g' D5 M# m7 X$ S$ i& N    Partition number (1-4): 1
5 H  t. h) `% _    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
    Using default value 1
    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
& j# L* T4 L! [    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
; n+ t' @2 |/ q8 k    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
. T. @7 H. D& f; t       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
, L7 U) q9 t! T* b0 Q+ N    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
: a0 n" U8 e/ a. ^3 {$ Q, d5 n    Command (m for help): w
    The partition table has been altered!
    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
    Syncing disks.
# l0 `( D9 L( U0 M: m  Z1 [8 }    //格式化新分区

1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
- F2 m* l/ l' i9 I    Filesystem label=
    OS type: Linux
    Block size=1024 (log=0)
& |. U' Y9 L& S    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
- c% h$ H% R5 A, X% B6 I    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
. R, U& _) P- l9 a, L4 m    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
    First data block=1
    62 block groups
    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
    2040 inodes per group
    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
9 U- h0 r& [( }+ t, K    Writing inode tables: done                           
    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
4 j$ A: M& q  A0 [; x" D/ S    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
" [$ K0 |8 K: y2 B+ |: _    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
" F- a2 O' z. ^  }    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
  q8 k. H# Z" Z% m    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
, z1 S+ ?! w$ j$ Y% P: N& u    //挂上新分区
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1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
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2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
# c" d4 P: b7 j2 W& L8 [5 R    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
" G  S. J2 \# c. H    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home
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自动挂载：

1.           vi /etc/fstab
   
2. 
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3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
   
4. 
   
5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：
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1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
   
2. 
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3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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: ~5 r+ a$ x4 h7 v  P: W4 Q