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[经验] linux下添加新硬盘方法

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发表于 2014-2-9 19:20:26 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  1. fdisk
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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)2 p6 @5 Y* \4 @+ |  _- ]# K
      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)1 }  q2 {# G- f- C
      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive); h) f0 k8 \! _& ^- a" R
      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
5 |! ]& j$ n2 J      ...0 [$ d& L6 I, U+ g
  1. df -k7 G* O. h% W" y# _4 L
  2. df -lh) J5 Y7 c, u/ ^+ R; x3 K3 a% F* H! j" p
  3. 查看有几块硬盘:fdisk -l
    $ ?" t1 F& m  e- s% T9 J3 e& n* b
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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点: L: J9 W6 f. v. ?
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
0 C3 @) a& C4 }    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
8 k0 t, m+ Y" X: [! m    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm, A- j( U7 ~) b. q
    对新硬盘分区,4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用: r& e: I( n" d4 W) U
  1. fdisk /dev/hda
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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel2 X# H4 b  z: v+ q- O- `' c7 b
    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
4 w" T: U3 z- b9 y8 ^    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous! E* i; N) P+ k& V/ ]- r
    content won't be recoverable.- q+ N: j! u3 @5 z5 p
    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.7 f- J! p$ I5 s& {. ?
    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
; v! q+ R6 ~$ D0 i    and could in certain setups cause problems with:# ?7 K1 @' g3 p
    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)0 V  A7 H4 ^) Y( s5 y
    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs& [, M6 s2 ?& u+ K3 O- i
       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)) H- |/ s0 w' a3 y! e# y+ w
    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
* G* e( P4 s& m* `. t% Q/ V    Command (m for help): p
* y  w5 u' g, X; N3 k    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
, |9 Z5 l) |! t; q    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders, O; N7 P, B- S7 c8 Z8 r: e7 z
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes& T& n/ Z4 J: o% q( J7 v+ Z
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System) d& J! q0 U$ E" m$ M- J. \
    Command (m for help): m
7 f2 B% P' q1 J" r' y. w5 @    Command action( t5 D3 E4 M' J. ~% @( K- q
       a   toggle a bootable flag
% o) G2 h8 t+ H6 M, [, h       b   edit bsd disklabel
2 T0 x$ N) R. @2 h3 W       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
- v6 H  {+ _2 Y2 [       d   delete a partition
( _6 }5 U% i& t5 I       l   list known partition types2 C/ B% F7 X% J8 b! ~
       m   print this menu
; p/ d3 C! f, z5 y       n   add a new partition- V! n+ q, g3 c' e% Y$ o  L
       o   create a new empty DOS partition table7 [9 N3 v" a" f5 X/ a) ~: U3 ~
       p   print the partition table8 o  N& V; D# o! ]6 [4 F% ~( w
       q   quit without saving changes
3 c1 G; J$ B8 w9 f4 D' n1 E. U       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel" B4 s2 h, H" Z4 F8 C" F* [
       t   change a partition's system id. N, g5 E5 \& y) U, D) r
       u   change display/entry units
8 {9 l; K/ b" m2 n/ G5 ~! x       v   verify the partition table
$ J. C; T$ B9 `+ {: Q       w   write table to disk and exit
- ~" y' l2 \9 K: S       x   extra functionality (experts only)
- [, n) Z6 p' q! o    Command (m for help): n
, w5 R6 I3 {, O5 f; h7 U' h    Command action
4 h5 |9 w. Z" ^       e   extended0 `' `% Z% d" [! X$ j
       p   primary partition (1-4)
& F+ y6 ?6 i* D    p0 I1 F$ w& N! v' ~' @
    Partition number (1-4): 1
9 _/ w6 ]3 ^8 N9 `+ x    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
6 N7 A( A/ k3 d) ^/ F    Using default value 1. y) _6 v: y; W6 @2 G; ?1 _7 [
    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
- `( ~% ?& Y6 q    Command (m for help): p, h( p9 g  T( |" ?" J
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes! K: W- p) B3 p: X
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
+ r! T% H8 F* h) g% k    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes' K( S9 m* M$ u
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
1 B% ]" ]2 ^1 ~" C7 A    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux( k/ S0 u6 S' P/ h
    Command (m for help): w
( v' U) Z/ n0 g1 w! g' \    The partition table has been altered!
6 H5 `/ @/ T* S- x* C/ B  B    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.1 T3 b5 y: E! B7 ?( Y& l. X
    Syncing disks.8 X4 ]1 g+ l* _  u+ ?, H
    //格式化新分区4 M/ y, a) ]5 p& x, o# j
  1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1
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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
3 @% [" ?8 @9 G4 n! p    Filesystem label=" ?) y3 T4 }1 W( X+ k! W
    OS type: Linux# P- N/ ~7 e; T" x
    Block size=1024 (log=0)* t; ?& S' Z* c- ?$ Z1 J+ E
    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
' D$ X( V8 z& n/ u    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks, `; d8 H' Q( t/ T9 ^) X  R
    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
6 k' t/ ?; a* h3 c- ]  ^    First data block=1
7 O* p& x4 C! f( b  R3 a% E% S5 _    62 block groups
; q+ B; h' j* ^' S" y    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
2 ]& P. t9 h$ V- M# i8 q# k    2040 inodes per group
; c' L& C/ `( ~! }$ z& h    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
* w& i$ n# l" o            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
, F, f1 l9 h7 a! u9 f) @    Writing inode tables: done                            : ]9 |. I/ X! w1 d
    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
( u! S) c. H8 B6 m  {, a/ s    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
* m$ A+ M, Y+ p' I. ?4 C    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or. q" q2 _# a* j7 s9 W
    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override." ~2 j( f+ ^5 o1 h. C/ F8 P" @, @* I
  1. df -k
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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
/ K3 ?  C( f& `: Z    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
. t5 X" H& H* w$ U$ x7 {0 R6 v    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
/ C, ~' l$ b2 Q! J. P+ y) W: k    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm; u! A4 H1 J9 i
    //挂上新分区
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  1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
    $ |( d7 Q9 r9 j. e6 b* a: K
  2. df -k
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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
/ z% y1 O% O# @  C    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /8 E$ N# h# l, j3 p3 _. l$ s
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot7 X/ k* H* J! J) C  L. i
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
% |/ |7 G: [& E+ c! S    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home8 p. p3 j; F- ?1 Z. Y5 h% V
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自动挂载:
# I- D+ W( g1 c+ D
  1.           vi /etc/fstab
    / Z& I5 N& |2 C

  2. $ M& N1 J  x/ _9 s) T- s% h2 D
  3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0! C# F5 u$ n4 y8 F5 }

  4. , T5 t, ?6 _  q8 T  H# ^
  5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0
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手动挂载:
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  1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
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  2. % R5 [, K, Y9 v( g  F8 }  b% {
  3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2
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