linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
5 |! ]& j$ n2 J      ...

1. df -k
   
2. df -lh
   
3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
   $ ?" t1 F& m  e- s% T9 J3 e& n* b

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
0 C3 @) a& C4 }    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
8 k0 t, m+ Y" X: [! m    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用

1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
4 w" T: U3 z- b9 y8 ^    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
    content won't be recoverable.
    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
; v! q+ R6 ~$ D0 i    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
* G* e( P4 s& m* `. t% Q/ V    Command (m for help): p
* y  w5 u' g, X; N3 k    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
, |9 Z5 l) |! t; q    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    Command (m for help): m
7 f2 B% P' q1 J" r' y. w5 @    Command action
       a   toggle a bootable flag
% o) G2 h8 t+ H6 M, [, h       b   edit bsd disklabel
2 T0 x$ N) R. @2 h3 W       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
- v6 H  {+ _2 Y2 [       d   delete a partition
( _6 }5 U% i& t5 I       l   list known partition types
       m   print this menu
; p/ d3 C! f, z5 y       n   add a new partition
       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
       p   print the partition table
       q   quit without saving changes
3 c1 G; J$ B8 w9 f4 D' n1 E. U       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
       t   change a partition's system id
       u   change display/entry units
8 {9 l; K/ b" m2 n/ G5 ~! x       v   verify the partition table
$ J. C; T$ B9 `+ {: Q       w   write table to disk and exit
- ~" y' l2 \9 K: S       x   extra functionality (experts only)
- [, n) Z6 p' q! o    Command (m for help): n
, w5 R6 I3 {, O5 f; h7 U' h    Command action
4 h5 |9 w. Z" ^       e   extended
       p   primary partition (1-4)
& F+ y6 ?6 i* D    p
    Partition number (1-4): 1
9 _/ w6 ]3 ^8 N9 `+ x    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
6 N7 A( A/ k3 d) ^/ F    Using default value 1
    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
- `( ~% ?& Y6 q    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
+ r! T% H8 F* h) g% k    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
1 B% ]" ]2 ^1 ~" C7 A    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
    Command (m for help): w
( v' U) Z/ n0 g1 w! g' \    The partition table has been altered!
6 H5 `/ @/ T* S- x* C/ B  B    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
    Syncing disks.
    //格式化新分区

1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
3 @% [" ?8 @9 G4 n! p    Filesystem label=
    OS type: Linux
    Block size=1024 (log=0)
    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
' D$ X( V8 z& n/ u    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
6 k' t/ ?; a* h3 c- ]  ^    First data block=1
7 O* p& x4 C! f( b  R3 a% E% S5 _    62 block groups
; q+ B; h' j* ^' S" y    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
2 ]& P. t9 h$ V- M# i8 q# k    2040 inodes per group
; c' L& C/ `( ~! }$ z& h    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
* w& i$ n# l" o            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
, F, f1 l9 h7 a! u9 f) @    Writing inode tables: done                           
    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
( u! S) c. H8 B6 m  {, a/ s    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
* m$ A+ M, Y+ p' I. ?4 C    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
/ K3 ?  C( f& `: Z    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
. t5 X" H& H* w$ U$ x7 {0 R6 v    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
/ C, ~' l$ b2 Q! J. P+ y) W: k    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    //挂上新分区
0 E; N) P* u1 i  e

1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
   $ |( d7 Q9 r9 j. e6 b* a: K
2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
/ z% y1 O% O# @  C    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
% |/ |7 G: [& E+ c! S    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home

自动挂载：
# I- D+ W( g1 c+ D

1.           vi /etc/fstab
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2. 
   $ M& N1 J  x/ _9 s) T- s% h2 D
3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
   
4. 
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5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：
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1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
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2. 
   % R5 [, K, Y9 v( g  F8 }  b% {
3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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* o" G% t/ l# v
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1 H5 t0 y! J1 _9 m2 d# p