linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
+ A1 L! e$ D' O      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
# P. P% z, n6 G: x4 K6 o      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
      ...
7 ?" }  M7 Y2 Z' Q6 t

1. df -k
   
2. df -lh
   
3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
   

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
: x( x/ ~* m& @' v: U3 ]) N% N    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用

1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
0 ^* s- Z4 {: H  w9 `3 S+ `  x/ b# C    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
    content won't be recoverable.
) Z4 G/ g9 O* B5 J4 R    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
' z' w/ a1 I4 h/ ?7 f% w  S    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
# l9 g! n- s/ E* k! @! a    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
- E4 X4 N! ~$ G0 ~; \$ s    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
    Command (m for help): p
; `9 O/ g5 ~  C0 y3 D    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
/ l) \5 e& {  Q, y    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
7 ]& C; b# T9 K0 L  K- ?0 Q1 q* a    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
- P" t9 }( Q# I- s) C  _    Command (m for help): m
* l! W- d1 W0 P9 L# B    Command action
$ R- \: e. {, J$ ~       a   toggle a bootable flag
       b   edit bsd disklabel
       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
       d   delete a partition
       l   list known partition types
       m   print this menu
       n   add a new partition
       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
$ x3 k( s3 C* c6 x8 T       p   print the partition table
4 A' _1 }$ B1 g0 ~' M       q   quit without saving changes
       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
' f9 m8 p% [5 s' ?       t   change a partition's system id
9 \; k6 r1 ^2 v: \9 z+ ~1 f       u   change display/entry units
       v   verify the partition table
       w   write table to disk and exit
       x   extra functionality (experts only)
    Command (m for help): n
    Command action
       e   extended
       p   primary partition (1-4)
$ k! o- E1 h9 {9 G6 i$ n    p
    Partition number (1-4): 1
    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
    Using default value 1
' B) w4 O, y: T- p    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
* w6 T% h6 `1 z7 h  U* a    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
5 P2 w: H1 q+ Q# ^  ?. S4 H/ F0 e8 ?    Command (m for help): w
    The partition table has been altered!
    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
    Syncing disks.
    //格式化新分区

1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
4 y. Q6 o1 r, G* n/ Y    Filesystem label=
; Y$ K/ X" a0 ^1 K" g$ |    OS type: Linux
3 V" ]5 V6 T; P* M    Block size=1024 (log=0)
    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
5 x% a  Y8 C2 k0 f8 q8 c, U0 r* E    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
6 I9 M. d/ d7 V  e" S    First data block=1
$ l3 H1 I0 p; E6 \    62 block groups
2 B' _6 G: h, d% ?; @/ Z, T    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
7 r4 L5 U3 j, r* u/ w, j  }1 }1 O    2040 inodes per group
8 x. \9 F. c) a- h    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
. u) |$ h1 b- F4 M0 f6 r$ ?5 K            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
    Writing inode tables: done                           
& n' d. o" ~4 t0 ~; `    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
; t  U! k: U+ e2 P# F3 _$ O# S# F    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
# t' a$ w0 D5 l1 r- G1 I/ R/ S    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
# l5 ~6 k3 ]0 F! |$ W

1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
) x% x( K% y( Q, q) y) m0 }    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    //挂上新分区
* U5 M3 x" I+ r% u, |& {2 G0 G

1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
   
2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
  \# W" j. U! v    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home

: }3 p8 i* {5 R2 y8 f7 R  e自动挂载：

1.           vi /etc/fstab
   
2. 
   1 i# y3 M1 x0 j
3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
   
4. 
   ' n" g$ {, g' X! f
5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：
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1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
   
2. 
   ) K2 @! V8 ^8 g
3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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$ f5 r  h( k6 B- D; ]0 @# X- O# J) r

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