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[经验] linux下添加新硬盘方法

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发表于 2014-2-9 19:20:26 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  1. fdisk
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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)/ w5 D, r1 O8 |- b" p; m
      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)- c) Q8 d6 b% T4 G
      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)9 f5 B; |' k5 O( }7 v, j) q
      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
& v9 n. N1 Q" _6 y, J% I      ...  `4 k$ [" `+ {( w
  1. df -k
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  2. df -lh9 C+ b3 y8 g2 A0 h
  3. 查看有几块硬盘:fdisk -l
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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点) v: D+ m( V5 k$ O6 ~
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /( w4 j# g  y, A/ \' Y1 l
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
, r2 l0 O( u! f, j    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
  a: g. ]1 w( t' p' ]    对新硬盘分区,4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用; `4 H/ k) T0 @% P3 |. O
  1. fdisk /dev/hda
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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
0 a' g( O$ L8 A0 \3 S, v    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
" I/ y: Z5 s4 u% Z    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
7 ~6 y$ w( R0 b5 u- N7 J& e    content won't be recoverable.! `" {" G1 ~. i5 r
    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
! b/ C' H0 Q& D% f! i3 M    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
- `  ?, x  o. Y4 t+ y1 f' g    and could in certain setups cause problems with:) O( V" `* B0 u" H0 a3 B
    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
! `% T* Y; `) w/ Y) ~    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
, A* \, \  o' m5 g6 T- t0 l: Q       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)$ p! C: c" r+ J2 i% f; H
    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
3 y  G. Y1 {. I6 V9 D/ v    Command (m for help): p: }& J( z/ U0 j
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes9 r0 c9 g* V: ?5 Y7 k2 K5 c
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
' h9 N  Z5 _9 M$ g    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
( {: P1 }/ n% V: t       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
6 ?. }$ q7 o" X+ e, N8 W    Command (m for help): m7 [4 ]  Z4 i/ y  H( C2 _- D, |( w7 \
    Command action
; Q' J! v2 f4 |1 [% v       a   toggle a bootable flag
, e8 B. F+ I3 G5 H6 g       b   edit bsd disklabel
. c) C( R: R0 }1 A! P( |; i: ~       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag6 v; S' m3 z0 I
       d   delete a partition
" S7 T8 k3 ?' q       l   list known partition types
) ]8 Z7 F5 k. @* Y8 P9 d       m   print this menu7 C* s; ~; q' Z9 x, o
       n   add a new partition  @7 V, I5 X* n
       o   create a new empty DOS partition table& x5 ]5 v1 K2 }0 \
       p   print the partition table
! [$ L4 j2 ]3 w- Z2 Z/ z* x       q   quit without saving changes1 P  V1 a7 b1 [! x! `, _
       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
, R$ R. _) ^# G$ X1 P       t   change a partition's system id; {$ y2 E: H* X% `
       u   change display/entry units
$ Q( |' q1 [% d; I       v   verify the partition table6 o7 @' l) {* C4 i2 }+ _
       w   write table to disk and exit! @6 J$ K# U6 ?/ l3 T% Z  O
       x   extra functionality (experts only)
  U5 C7 a1 `7 t% q* n# N' l    Command (m for help): n
) h7 C5 V& ?8 A5 p) w    Command action7 Q4 Z5 M3 Q7 q
       e   extended
! K! F% P% ~0 ^1 p       p   primary partition (1-4)
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2 j3 e  W1 e& u7 {6 v) c& b3 B    Partition number (1-4): 1
0 Q6 o' i1 X0 l- ^    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
. ^0 A$ @( y! o7 P# N/ C. n0 Z# U    Using default value 1
; O- w/ i* G+ E/ X    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G" s1 a# c5 H8 f4 }4 d
    Command (m for help): p
+ a$ T' H' {* n/ G    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
# Z5 j3 E5 I/ V& Z1 [5 `    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
- o0 ~5 S& X! C    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
6 ^( g! R4 ~8 c- E1 c       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System6 P/ i4 w! Y9 l# h" v9 p- K: |8 a& C- Z
    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux% t' Y1 O( A5 w+ L% r( y% Y
    Command (m for help): w* c* L4 C% G* F
    The partition table has been altered!
2 |. V$ h! b1 m+ L, d5 c  g    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.- C2 ^& K* S) e( M) g
    Syncing disks.
! r' _. F7 X1 A. |2 p9 r+ S+ E/ s    //格式化新分区
, \) {& O" L4 `0 H" r) G+ R# l  ?
  1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1
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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002); R2 Z/ c, `) R# z* [
    Filesystem label=$ R7 Y* \; C' e  `
    OS type: Linux) C/ u; H% i* r. }8 q3 a
    Block size=1024 (log=0)9 C/ I3 h( C' N( r0 w4 X1 N+ e( w1 X
    Fragment size=1024 (log=0); H1 y2 [) j+ i
    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks( d* }% N( w; y3 `/ A9 K' K4 l
    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
- s1 h# o* r6 u& L8 o+ d    First data block=1
# }2 c% U- ]2 M' i4 o% e8 b8 ^    62 block groups
; \( Z1 O9 j1 E* N6 k: \& L: V, ]    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group9 s# ]& B, L0 g( `% S
    2040 inodes per group$ Z+ F1 C9 o; I# W
    Superblock backups stored on blocks: ! e0 q" p0 \. E& n0 Z9 J3 i, c* e+ d
            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
. ]6 q# [4 j$ Q0 m% U# i    Writing inode tables: done                           
. W  h) X: ~* r: X9 G3 V* X    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done. N; L  E7 n; T$ T( E- K
    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done1 Z3 d& _! N9 X3 Q0 G; E. H
    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
4 d( o6 w5 x# ?& |" |9 z+ \    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.2 Y0 m- L$ d# K& }
  1. df -k
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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
5 _* U; @* V# b/ Q$ U' k, t    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
4 t; v* ^0 R& M! i& T+ t    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
3 R& Q$ _& q7 }1 r' H    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
& r% n2 A9 @* Z8 A9 S0 u$ b2 e, s    //挂上新分区
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  1. mount /dev/hda1 /home& T- ^; Y) U/ h: d& a( ~3 s( ^
  2. df -k
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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点' d& k; M% V9 M! G) @
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
2 g9 j( \' s2 O* Y& D  B$ Z    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
9 V& A4 e6 w9 W    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm) y% ~! U. q& x; v6 ?
    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home# T* M8 [$ \/ ^) Q6 w7 B! K5 @" b6 r

0 F4 J9 S/ c; L( Z- L3 q5 C自动挂载:8 |* y6 g, O, v8 U
  1.           vi /etc/fstab  w9 n  w" N7 l' x# {6 e6 J
  2. 4 k0 R- f5 t2 U  L4 J0 n) B
  3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0- w0 R# H! K7 F; L

  4. . q) N0 s$ Z7 |+ W" p" ]3 Y6 E
  5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0
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手动挂载:8 i# E) z- K9 \+ [7 ~
  1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1+ ]& ^) R. ^% @3 D! x! G

  2. 7 p% U6 k' R4 G% u
  3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2
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