linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
, w4 [( a1 k  R$ H  M! {$ L      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
/ ^4 S: }# s! e3 |8 u      ...

1. df -k
   1 s* [- C2 j0 ?
2. df -lh
   ( g8 b9 ^( K- e! o5 \/ r) ^# j3 b. e
3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
   

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
# B5 O" }2 u; Z# u% H' y1 S. H    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
; x7 t, t2 [8 q4 P( c$ K    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用
7 d+ e5 @! X" c9 W+ @+ u

1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
7 N6 [: i3 r/ P% n; l# N    content won't be recoverable.
3 o, {+ K; c# p/ g6 K9 |    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
) [4 ^1 `4 ~+ n6 }2 {    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
& z( T% r, n, {. b       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
    Command (m for help): p
+ o+ y7 i8 T: J! P" |/ g$ X1 }    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
! x3 W; m1 X  H3 E$ R* R9 D/ b    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
& z. z& |+ G: z# P3 c+ c       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    Command (m for help): m
    Command action
5 }& l4 {' I( g/ s# K& E8 m/ V       a   toggle a bootable flag
( b7 N+ h  f6 E  T. B; V' c       b   edit bsd disklabel
       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
       d   delete a partition
       l   list known partition types
5 c5 G4 }( w- D$ z4 @( W       m   print this menu
       n   add a new partition
1 G! o- z8 `- s6 m( \       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
1 [$ O  O) S6 n5 S/ M  l       p   print the partition table
. V$ V, J# N( c0 @+ f       q   quit without saving changes
9 G, X* V$ u% A$ U       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
. w/ \. a3 U5 r7 M5 l       t   change a partition's system id
       u   change display/entry units
       v   verify the partition table
       w   write table to disk and exit
  J3 K. j( s( I# u5 q7 R8 U0 E       x   extra functionality (experts only)
    Command (m for help): n
3 Z7 y7 U9 Q. z8 z& q0 o" v    Command action
       e   extended
       p   primary partition (1-4)
    p
" u* {  |& [# c    Partition number (1-4): 1
0 V5 Y1 Z- N8 C( ]' a+ }" g, P    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
    Using default value 1
    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
    Command (m for help): p
1 g  H  E6 b2 J8 s0 S4 k    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
8 a- ^/ L2 B- e    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
2 ]1 e9 k. N9 v4 Q, l3 s8 k8 h8 A       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
9 E5 b* }! ]: p    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
    Command (m for help): w
, ~  F3 b, \/ Z+ t# ]    The partition table has been altered!
" X! R" M) t) v7 D    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
* c% W" i* Y# X5 ^+ c    Syncing disks.
    //格式化新分区
+ A6 ]! y) W/ W% i0 C

1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
    Filesystem label=
; w# T" J& S; v    OS type: Linux
    Block size=1024 (log=0)
, s+ }! E5 O- p2 s0 ]& `; ]    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
) o8 S: s; K1 j; i* A3 t    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
% ]8 K. `+ F! \. V* q  v9 C    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
$ P/ N" F7 h. v% O9 h- \. S    First data block=1
    62 block groups
    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
    2040 inodes per group
/ \! b& G2 s+ f/ k    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
/ z, G; k& w8 F$ u  M7 V            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
    Writing inode tables: done                           
0 y; s  V; o3 _, m  k( q: X    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
/ |7 V# Q, _( J$ A    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
( x; @8 y  i! v# U    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
9 V. y$ a! a7 c( H  b; L7 a8 e    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
# c* Q6 A# s. o. O2 X    //挂上新分区
  e2 E0 v( K2 q$ K* v  X0 Y

1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
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2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
: a7 H: m2 j9 T' l    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home

! v) P& z+ i7 q+ O自动挂载：
# j; G* n+ p- R0 L5 b/ x$ |

1.           vi /etc/fstab
   
2. 
   
3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
   
4. 
   5 q" Y( _1 V4 }! J) W* j
5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：

1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
   
2. 
   
3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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$ s4 m* d  z+ S% Y. @1 B% [