linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
( w4 E1 z' A" z: [+ z2 f7 T      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
      ...

1. df -k
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2. df -lh
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3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
   

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
2 @8 q0 W. q# |/ D& a4 l% w    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
7 w9 H. q5 F& J* h$ Y4 a    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用
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1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
+ J4 ^% x$ J/ J3 {. B    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
    content won't be recoverable.
- @/ M( G% n1 t6 R    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
, V1 P! R6 [8 L) |. a4 e6 V  B    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
4 B3 V+ o0 z2 A0 L( ]    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
( y: e) g' f; G8 ~0 F    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
/ J( v# A* S& D" z1 q    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
+ e6 Z8 h0 H% y    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
6 }- c, y# e; t( U' v( t: z4 [$ h# V       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
* a- w* x+ R4 `( U    Command (m for help): m
+ f1 O2 _! ~2 I8 K- Z" e7 i    Command action
       a   toggle a bootable flag
* L, _) u0 B# l% h       b   edit bsd disklabel
       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
       d   delete a partition
       l   list known partition types
       m   print this menu
       n   add a new partition
       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
" w1 ~* i: _7 f       p   print the partition table
       q   quit without saving changes
0 K5 i1 s7 D& ~5 A4 T' k9 O       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
       t   change a partition's system id
. ]" p8 |6 f5 M1 N. n       u   change display/entry units
       v   verify the partition table
       w   write table to disk and exit
, D4 D0 z( J. d- Q6 m4 J       x   extra functionality (experts only)
' Y9 ], b7 c) X6 ]! R3 `2 P' D- b    Command (m for help): n
- E' `; \0 T) g6 u! m    Command action
       e   extended
7 u9 n' d3 H! c3 Y( @& P8 m       p   primary partition (1-4)
    p
: ]* O+ w* o: b) W* O+ f    Partition number (1-4): 1
    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
5 h( y! X/ O4 g$ ^' H* C    Using default value 1
9 f# u/ F9 l0 |    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
2 W- z8 {: k+ \. d    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
9 H0 g, b) M/ R, `6 d- |: {) E    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
& Y5 j& J: W$ |4 ]' p       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
    Command (m for help): w
! i# n4 }" ~) b# L/ m# B4 h    The partition table has been altered!
    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
    Syncing disks.
# X& q- O/ C; y& K9 g6 P+ J1 `    //格式化新分区
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1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
9 V2 V9 x# d7 w/ q6 ]: |    Filesystem label=
    OS type: Linux
    Block size=1024 (log=0)
0 d: b, y2 B3 ~$ [0 R    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
" O" Y! e2 G4 x    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
6 G. }/ D, ~# A; H, H% c1 u    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
    First data block=1
    62 block groups
! G& O: r( l2 K$ A" ]    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
    2040 inodes per group
6 G+ y0 u7 d  r2 s5 E4 X    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
" t% z# N7 g4 K9 {7 L2 A            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
( K; W9 W9 h% N    Writing inode tables: done                           
, o' C! p' }9 j    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
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1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
: C' ?! x3 s9 l1 M    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
& C1 i4 g" Q# g5 m& s; o    //挂上新分区
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1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
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2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
# s5 x# N- k0 N& N, X    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
5 |+ }: \' F" @6 ^1 s% |; u    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home

9 M7 e' n1 Z+ J  S自动挂载：

1.           vi /etc/fstab
   
2. 
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3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
   
4. 
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5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：
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1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
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2. 
   
3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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