linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
+ a9 c0 s# ]3 H; M3 L/ c1 H      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
1 i8 |$ M( e5 q9 h3 p7 f      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
      ...

1. df -k
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2. df -lh
   
3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
   

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
% ]2 o6 U" E0 _3 N9 |8 }8 |    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
% z9 N, r" `9 L3 j3 L    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
8 \; u/ L) r: r5 I3 o1 a    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用
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1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
* ]; [  N8 M( ^% I. M8 I0 [    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
5 V. \9 q$ s! f8 s5 d7 b    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
    content won't be recoverable.
    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
6 W4 f# z3 m0 P2 t    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
5 a/ p# K* \5 P* W* z. h0 S" D    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
3 |' s% l$ A5 \; a    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
- ^% [3 h( h( h/ W       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
    Command (m for help): p
% N" w) K8 C  K: c6 t+ x    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
" r0 ?. Z3 Q- `6 l7 k* ~       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
# b9 A* c& i/ ~- ^* x6 @    Command (m for help): m
    Command action
5 M3 r  K! R! H( A       a   toggle a bootable flag
. P8 q7 S! c1 g; h% l- r       b   edit bsd disklabel
       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
; s3 t7 {1 m3 p5 W- z& y       d   delete a partition
       l   list known partition types
7 T% `  g1 c$ a       m   print this menu
; F9 v$ c& R4 G, M' F1 P! z       n   add a new partition
7 ]& _6 j2 e# B& _       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
3 r; n8 H8 m3 @/ e5 x1 ?8 g       p   print the partition table
       q   quit without saving changes
1 A/ u: l! h4 ]       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
       t   change a partition's system id
8 b! {& G9 E0 C, ^: g2 L       u   change display/entry units
2 S  H+ V; a1 J# A  p/ _6 k       v   verify the partition table
       w   write table to disk and exit
       x   extra functionality (experts only)
    Command (m for help): n
3 h' s7 u& \. b3 J- P  D; r7 r3 @    Command action
! X$ D; @# z/ {3 p: `5 e       e   extended
/ W* A2 x5 K5 d2 ?0 s  C  ~# A, {       p   primary partition (1-4)
    p
5 U/ ]8 [( m6 }  V# E) s( V    Partition number (1-4): 1
5 N' p& v% {4 x    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
    Using default value 1
    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
) c* H# x5 J6 S+ ^. ~! H$ P    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
1 N7 D* W' C0 {" g& y    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
6 v* Q! F) @. k! c    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
% v1 p0 s; I" C& w9 \3 C    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
* y: \+ o/ G2 X* L% B    Command (m for help): w
    The partition table has been altered!
; Q( E4 y; j9 |    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
/ F9 U! c: T# l4 T( G8 D0 O    Syncing disks.
    //格式化新分区
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1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
    Filesystem label=
8 b  Q* l2 k( h3 M7 ]    OS type: Linux
    Block size=1024 (log=0)
) G. n/ i" ~0 k' O, ?' \8 K    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
' N4 m5 }6 L0 d    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
; J7 x! M" H+ H3 k* z6 B    First data block=1
    62 block groups
    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
    2040 inodes per group
7 C6 [+ E; a4 O5 I9 f    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
8 a% y+ S* _1 W            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
) \8 Q0 B/ Y7 o7 ^3 @; U, i6 D4 \    Writing inode tables: done                           
0 l4 d7 n% ]$ Z  c1 F) L. h: S    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
- _1 Y& i" {* G# o: r$ H9 E: x    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
' k* S' Y: R# D: m# o' J    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
+ U" {+ Y4 w- o3 U7 d0 a, X. H, v    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
5 c- ]: Y; r. u' |+ X    //挂上新分区
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1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
   
2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
3 W, Q0 C8 Y9 ^: _8 D    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home

7 `$ W7 C5 N9 r5 F7 O自动挂载：
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1.           vi /etc/fstab
   
2. 
   
3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
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4. 
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5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：
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1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
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2. 
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3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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