linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
      ...
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1. df -k
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2. df -lh
   
3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
' ^' T2 j: M  Q& Z! J6 r5 H4 B    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用

1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
' G! d( l+ v' p9 a  w5 }    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
& S; a+ k7 i3 j! c# G0 g# n    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
  e" f8 \: j; t' {+ D8 `/ k    content won't be recoverable.
  I7 z6 |% S* P    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
. o  P  z  t$ f2 n$ C, O4 ~8 K7 w    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
- V! f8 x, S+ h- P: w8 g4 W! y$ {    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
7 }& J, H' J3 o. @; {& }    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
4 }' G1 c4 z- o; S. o1 x    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
5 H7 k- }  J% ^8 R2 e    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
0 T& \# @- T" Q- A; d    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
) I/ A' _" h' s- h       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
& d- y8 V2 z7 a; n0 E7 a9 F) |    Command (m for help): m
. s! X' D3 l: j! E  q2 d) c. J0 o    Command action
# `; F2 S/ r9 J8 n       a   toggle a bootable flag
       b   edit bsd disklabel
       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
9 u0 w$ e" h9 v# F. B+ r) [       d   delete a partition
       l   list known partition types
$ k: g9 q0 X3 r; }; S; Q2 f! o9 D% G       m   print this menu
       n   add a new partition
, d* @  X, N8 J, Z) N6 q2 u* Z* r% ^       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
       p   print the partition table
0 A1 _3 j) ^; X/ L# I* P       q   quit without saving changes
       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
6 \3 f1 U# _6 _" M& I) g0 Z  ?       t   change a partition's system id
       u   change display/entry units
       v   verify the partition table
% a" ?' P; z: e' Q       w   write table to disk and exit
, _4 a) W( m& B4 r) ~9 l( `0 ~; M       x   extra functionality (experts only)
" ~' ~) k2 J3 b- @  Q) b    Command (m for help): n
    Command action
       e   extended
3 ]& n2 \0 A3 t% ~7 z       p   primary partition (1-4)
    p
: n  [0 n; {" y7 [$ Q) z! ?8 s    Partition number (1-4): 1
+ O; `8 @5 p+ m" j    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
% n/ l: V+ ?0 e9 q2 m    Using default value 1
1 ^) g( f! w, C- \    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
7 t0 S$ J( ^9 Q# W) c" W& h    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
. T) A$ M/ k5 E& s0 R       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
! ~  a6 d. \8 r# T8 U. Y; m, b    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
    Command (m for help): w
    The partition table has been altered!
3 u9 F$ ]1 v# p5 ^    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
5 M- W# w: i% J8 w) p* R# ~    Syncing disks.
7 J- f5 u+ h- k- M5 V    //格式化新分区
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1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
    Filesystem label=
    OS type: Linux
' J+ w- b( R# R) n6 j    Block size=1024 (log=0)
2 n. `; T9 Y0 z" y5 q/ c    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
/ Y, ?, R$ Q4 U% W; i    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
6 s5 N+ V+ `5 {* W# z9 K% b& T    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
    First data block=1
, [* v" H  z8 i    62 block groups
( |3 i6 X8 w6 N# v- c  j    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
/ V( |) T% X& [; x( z/ p, V    2040 inodes per group
  U) X8 v) J* Y0 _5 o  u8 L    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
( S+ |: H$ O! E6 r/ J            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
    Writing inode tables: done                           
    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
- N) `& J, l$ p8 s- D( N9 S    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
+ W) Y1 H# J! L4 l1 w: w    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
# `& a, |' ~. E0 g8 Q    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    //挂上新分区

1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
   
2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home

自动挂载：
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1.           vi /etc/fstab
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2. 
   
3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
   
4. 
   
5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：

1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
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2. 
   
3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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