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[经验] linux下添加新硬盘方法

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发表于 2014-2-9 19:20:26 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  1. fdisk
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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)& `, v2 l$ z# |
      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
$ m/ n  \% Z- D: R5 G      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)* U9 {' m# d( h" }( p' _) b
      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
  O/ Y8 n- s6 _6 n* j, U      ...
  s( d) K8 y3 B7 K; c' j
  1. df -k! [; _" u( K* @* [4 h+ k
  2. df -lh
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  3. 查看有几块硬盘:fdisk -l
    8 V7 n- k2 d1 k# ]1 W% q
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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
- S: k& x: Q! o+ b; I0 u    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /; j+ j# g! @% \+ t
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
8 O) u" S0 }6 I    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm, F6 j% w9 _6 x% w0 C1 G4 Z+ t
    对新硬盘分区,4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用
6 Q' b+ A: H" w( I* F& }  q
  1. fdisk /dev/hda
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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
* H4 F& Z* q) z9 y1 c1 @: j  j    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
" \; N, z+ u, e    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
) u' Z: W2 q3 y) T# U    content won't be recoverable.
3 f. C" Y/ ]" t; [, _" `    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
5 e1 X6 S8 I# ]/ k    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
8 V0 L, W0 l/ e3 V    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
( g6 F" y1 ^$ p3 O4 c    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)1 v7 p) R  J* n1 U  G
    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs9 Q! R7 \- Q  K( B0 `9 Z: z
       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
9 h+ |6 v8 e1 D. J    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)/ p0 M3 G3 H- [- k2 ^7 E
    Command (m for help): p! o+ K" V6 X& R, A( c% S7 K$ e9 ^
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
. v2 M& `+ \. v, {5 J    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders- f4 q  r( A7 L( S/ Z3 O) Y. m
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
" D% S* Z" z& H- D       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System4 M$ J& S  y  y" y
    Command (m for help): m7 R& B" W; v9 p) p; l7 M
    Command action
9 n$ `& H+ x: q' p* R0 }% ?       a   toggle a bootable flag+ ]4 {8 c3 s% }; O7 B
       b   edit bsd disklabel
. o6 z! j* e# Q- _" Z       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
$ A/ G9 N8 m; |% `8 j: J* f# w       d   delete a partition3 C7 ^$ c% k- {
       l   list known partition types
7 }( b1 J& ^8 P+ @. E" j0 W. V/ `  [       m   print this menu
/ p9 |, W5 W2 }( E       n   add a new partition
: E; G7 m9 Y6 @  Q       o   create a new empty DOS partition table: Z$ o. M( E+ ]" [* S4 \
       p   print the partition table
6 _( ?6 c9 @$ ]" |9 E       q   quit without saving changes
( X5 U- e( ~; c! a& b       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel0 f, T! S7 q6 }' o# P  D
       t   change a partition's system id
, y4 d; n, T4 x; c" K2 {0 Q       u   change display/entry units! w% w" s) ^; ]; M* x/ g2 l2 f
       v   verify the partition table8 I! y1 k0 f+ j! I- y1 H1 {6 C
       w   write table to disk and exit5 A: o5 r' a+ C& U
       x   extra functionality (experts only)
9 e4 m  c4 S/ K9 b% `" |    Command (m for help): n4 N% f8 n# A: A; F+ `- d4 y' W
    Command action: ]  D" X3 v- Y& B( B: ]8 G" j( e9 o
       e   extended. t, n" [: _" Y* @1 V" u' h3 E
       p   primary partition (1-4)
8 D/ g/ [  H- b$ F8 c2 D    p
! x; T& {" z5 Q9 C    Partition number (1-4): 1
1 N. B6 q6 _9 D6 e: S/ E% j    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
, W! v8 Y$ j& H    Using default value 1
; U: F" e5 G/ h' X8 I, Q6 }6 o+ N    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
' ]' F$ z4 r% p$ M2 R6 L/ s7 s% G    Command (m for help): p
+ N7 A- g- T' l1 q. I" l    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes) W, r$ ?3 B1 a3 V
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
/ S6 |* _& y0 p    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
1 q8 s1 C& d0 \, E9 Z  y       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System7 f' `$ J0 [: I* ?6 V5 F, h8 K. P
    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux) A- C% x3 t0 i; K
    Command (m for help): w# e" F: Q4 a5 e6 N# D' R
    The partition table has been altered!
) n- G/ e" F6 A4 t    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
& V+ d3 \8 H5 z, a0 P8 T    Syncing disks.1 o4 @- h% g. p" D- C0 ]5 Y
    //格式化新分区8 A9 D; T' t! k3 V# E' m, Y) C
  1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1
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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)# J4 c  [) \7 L5 Z8 A7 k5 n
    Filesystem label=6 m* e6 L9 t* T% M$ X
    OS type: Linux
' j9 e6 O' R7 l6 X6 N    Block size=1024 (log=0)" |; u4 `$ q- @  Z+ \8 b* z
    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)5 ~8 M; y7 h) w# _/ v* m+ a( @
    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
! R  e# F) C/ k1 M+ t    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user' s6 j$ c) y* F' d; c! _# R
    First data block=15 T5 V; e. v3 [. ~" Q. ?
    62 block groups9 X# c) \0 B; X
    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group& {8 I, i1 N) V9 r# q6 h
    2040 inodes per group
8 Y! Z3 Z) p6 Z: q( k+ X' X5 h' ~/ D    Superblock backups stored on blocks: ( S1 k- o; k6 N" [9 Z' l
            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
+ }" S! \& p8 N. q    Writing inode tables: done                            ) S0 v& d. q: j* T2 @
    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
1 C; [* i3 b5 [0 K7 u3 ~    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done, z: y  w& F; r! n6 W5 L! K
    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
# E7 j% l2 L1 V7 S$ [    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.* V1 @, {' g! l  O% R% D0 ^: j' Z
  1. df -k
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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
* Q2 ^0 `- q# Y5 j+ f  K    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /% B" D. u/ N8 j; R1 ?$ z' c4 N
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot* K0 y! A  C8 _9 O  X% F! X, ^
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
! a/ ], n1 e- r2 K    //挂上新分区
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  1. mount /dev/hda1 /home/ o3 W8 [* f* U8 R6 K# }) P8 Y
  2. df -k
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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
/ o, x  t/ i1 y* q/ W    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
- l! h0 b7 z  t/ X% h! X3 l    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
; c5 ]; w5 _7 {& q( X* v2 F+ _3 H    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm& R1 n- p( Y; Y* ~
    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home
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5 |% e7 h" u! Z* V9 E/ L自动挂载:: S8 T. n" U% {- `1 r
  1.           vi /etc/fstab
    " @0 L$ g. X, I" y
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  3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
    * n9 D& b6 D* i

  4. ! }, G; e' n0 L' C* i- L
  5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0
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手动挂载:
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  1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1$ P+ i/ c) Y. C) e8 N

  2. 5 s) v, t5 _! O9 t, E, P
  3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2
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