linux下添加新硬盘方法

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1. fdisk

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Usage: fdisk [-l] [-b SSZ] [-u] device    E.g.: fdisk /dev/hda  (for the first IDE disk)
      or: fdisk /dev/sdc  (for the third SCSI disk)
3 R9 w: K/ z8 U' e0 K7 c! e9 i      or: fdisk /dev/eda  (for the first PS/2 ESDI drive)
      or: fdisk /dev/rd/c0d0  or: fdisk /dev/ida/c0d0  (for RAID devices)
' _" B. L) t- S( _      ...

1. df -k
   
2. df -lh
   # {, Q0 ~& M$ b% `' c# w
3. 查看有几块硬盘：fdisk -l
   

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
' X1 @) ?& A; ?6 V    /dev/sda3              3723848    705968   2828716  20% /
" {+ ~5 B- j0 a4 V5 I; s" q& y- q    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    对新硬盘分区，4G硬盘中划出1G作为新分区。给/home使用

1. fdisk /dev/hda

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Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
4 f: V& q- K- @1 a+ u    content won't be recoverable.
    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 8322.
3 k, h' Y& j* {6 x( g    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
9 Y4 v0 K) g8 n+ }' B. J    Command (m for help): p
3 k: d. }( M0 k4 f6 Z4 [8 h+ h  s    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
# Z* y" K2 |4 |    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    Command (m for help): m
    Command action
       a   toggle a bootable flag
       b   edit bsd disklabel
       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
  H# ]. c$ r7 L; U) o       d   delete a partition
       l   list known partition types
       m   print this menu
       n   add a new partition
7 `2 j* w0 I9 y4 f( ^: B6 f! m/ T, L8 x       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
. _5 ~* d0 L7 O# X$ s       p   print the partition table
& K. \$ }) {6 d  r7 C       q   quit without saving changes
       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
       t   change a partition's system id
  ~8 |% T+ T6 b! `8 w0 N; V1 i       u   change display/entry units
3 F9 C0 P3 X" P# X8 X! W       v   verify the partition table
! d7 t8 Q% ?" A( M; {5 H       w   write table to disk and exit
) O* m, K/ V4 [. ~$ K       x   extra functionality (experts only)
8 ?) N. j3 D" o4 G+ T0 L    Command (m for help): n
    Command action
       e   extended
: a: f: b7 ~7 L6 V9 t# p0 x       p   primary partition (1-4)
    p
    Partition number (1-4): 1
) g. _4 a' k: p. c, s2 p8 a& I; [    First cylinder (1-8322, default 1):
    Using default value 1
    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-8322, default 8322): 1000G
' Y$ e# ]: [* W) R    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/hda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
    16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8322 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
! f" N- i, w0 ]4 x* o       Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/hda1             1      1000    503968+  83  Linux
    Command (m for help): w
    The partition table has been altered!
( L, |- v' s. N  F2 Y' J    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
. d8 t% t6 K* ?) t+ X; U    Syncing disks.
0 Z- T5 H( {4 A# `    //格式化新分区

1. mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1

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mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002)
    Filesystem label=
    OS type: Linux
    Block size=1024 (log=0)
) h3 `& R" N1 X- R+ j0 k% I" P    Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
8 O" l/ O4 L/ |/ F5 A    126480 inodes, 503968 blocks
    25198 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
9 w' [. I) S. V2 `    First data block=1
    62 block groups
1 m/ I1 s; k7 Y    8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
( M& C) {$ M1 n    2040 inodes per group
    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
    Writing inode tables: done                           
    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
/ J# B3 C8 e4 i! k    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or
9 l4 E" c4 C) B% L: s; t8 E2 F    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
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1. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
% l2 T. j% u0 }; \0 q    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
8 }8 U1 Z+ o( e% q9 @3 c( O! r7 @    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
5 u+ T. g8 n8 r) k& r    //挂上新分区

1. mount /dev/hda1 /home
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2. df -k

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文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
    /dev/sda3              3723848    705992   2828692  20% /
    /dev/sda1               101089      9274     86596  10% /boot
& ^4 y( P# h$ g3 l2 m    none                     14520         0     14520   0% /dev/shm
    /dev/hda1               488006      8239    454569   2% /home
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自动挂载：
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1.           vi /etc/fstab
   ( @- q, ]" O% B1 Z; z3 z
2. 
   
3.           /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1  ext3     defaults     0 0
   : m6 p5 q5 F" S8 ?. p- m, m2 x
4. 
   
5.           /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2  ext3     defaults     0 0

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手动挂载：
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1.           mount /dev/sdb5 /mnt/ljp1
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2. 
   1 z" {- y# n# F& x/ Z
3.           mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/ljp2

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